Chapter 19 SB

When the AV node acts as pacemaker, the slower heartbeat has what type of rhythm?

Nodal

Cardiac muscle requires oxygen and therefore relies on ____ respiration to produce ATP.

aerobic

Cardiac muscle relies on which process the most to produce ATP?

aerobic respiration

The left and right coronary arteries arise from which blood vessel?

aorta

Cardiomyocytes are jointed end to end by thick connections called

intercalated discs

The left and right ventricles are separated internally by the _____ septum.

interventricular

As a heart chamber contracts, what happens to the pressure of the fluid within it?

it increases

Which artery travels under the left auricle and then divides into two branches?

left coronary artery

The vertebrate heartbeat is said to be ______ because the signal originates within the heart muscle itself.

myogenic

A spontaneously developing local potential that generates action potentials in the SA node is called what?

pacemaker potential

An increase in stimulation by what branch of the nervous system lowers the heart rate?

parasympathetic

The amount of tension in the ventricular myocardium immediately before it begins to contract is called what?

preload

The circuit that carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the left atrium of the heart is the ___ circuit

pulmonary

Which circuit carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the left atrium of the heart?

pulmonary

Which type of epithelium makes up part of the endocardium?

simple squamous

When a normal heart rate is established by the SA node, a ____ rhythm results.

sinus

Depolarization of a cardiocyte is due to the opening of ____ channels.

sodium

The initial depolarization of a cardiocyte is due to opening of which channels?

sodium

The pacemaker potential of SA node cells is due to the influx of which ions?

sodium

A patient presents with a persistently elevated heart rate of over 100 bpm. This clinical condition is known as

tachycardia

What term describes a consistently elevated resting heart rate above 100 bpm?

tachycardia

The condition called cardiac ______ involves compression of the heart by an abnormal accumulation of fluid or clotted blood in the pericardial cavity

tamponade

The lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and to the body are the

ventricles

The thick-walled inferior chambers of the heart that pump blood into the arteries are called

ventricles

The myocardium has its own blood supply, which is known as _____ circulation

coronary

What are the internal ridges of myocardium found in the right atrium and auricle?

pectinate muscles

Place in order the three layers of the heart wall, listing the deepest layer first at the top

1) endocardium 2) myocardium 3) epicardium

Starting with the return of blood to the heart at the top, place the major phases of the cardiac cycle in order.

1) ventricular filling 2) is-volumetric contraction 3) ventricular ejection 4) isovolumentric relaxation

Impulse conduction through the cardiac conduction system is slowest through which structure, thereby allowing a pause between atrial contraction and ventricular contraction?

AV node

What is the ability to rhythmically depolarize without outside stimulation called?

Autorhythmic

Which is a recording of all nodal and myocardial action potentials in the heart?

ECG

Choose all the structures that are considered to be part of the cardiac conduction system.

Purkinje fibers, AV node, SA node

Which best represents the correct flow of blood through the heart, immediately after it returns from the venous circulation?

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

T or F: The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels.

True

Which arterial branch of the left coronary artery travels down to the apex of the heart?

anterior interventricular

The blood vessel that carries blood away from the left ventricle is the

aorta

The right and left coronary arteries arise from the ascending

aorta

What is the earlike extension of each atrium called?

auricle

What is the process of listening to sounds made by the body called?

auscultation

Cardiocytes are described as ____ because individual cells can depolarize on their own without outside stimulation

autorhythmic

As the heart sits in the thoracic cavity, the superior tip end is called the

base

What is the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute?

cardiac output

Which condition involves compression of the heart by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity?

cardiac tamponade

What are the short, thick, branched contractile cells of the heart called?

cardiomyocytes

Which branch of the left coronary artery continues around to the posterior of the heart leading to the coronary sulcus?

circumflex

The heartbeat is coordinated by the cardiac _____ system

conduction

The blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen only to the heart muscle make up the specific type of circulation called the _____ circulation

coronary

A decrease in venous return to the heart leads to a(n) ______ in preload, and therefore, a(n) ______ in stroke volume

decrease, decrease

The term that refers to relaxation of the heart is

diastole

A recording of all nodal and myocardial action potentials in the heart is called a(n)

electrocardiogram

The layer that lines the inner chambers of the heart is the

endocardium

Choose all that are layers of the heart wall.

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle is ______ the amount of blood pumped by the right ventricle.

equal to

T or F: The left ventricle always pumps more blood per beat than the right ventricle.

false

The outer wall of the pericardium is a sac called the Blank

fibrous pericardium

Which vein collects venous drainage from the anterior side of the heart and travels alongside the anterior interventricular artery?

great cardiac

The rate that can be obtained by taking a pulse at a point where an artery runs close to the body surface is the ____ rate

heart

Which of the following can be obtained by taking a pulse at a point where an artery runs close to the body surface?

heart rate

An increase in venous return would ______ preload

increase

An increase in venous return to the heart leads to a(n) _____ in preload and therefore a(n) ______ in stroke volume

increase, increase

Which best represents the correct order of the following events?1. Isovolumetric relaxation2. Ventricular filling3. Isovolumetric contraction4. Ventricular ejection

2,3,4,1

Impulse conduction through the cardiac conduction system is slowest through the ____ node, allowing a pause between atrial contraction and ventricular contraction

AV

Which autonomic system(s) innervate(s) the heart?

both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle in one minute is known as the ___ output

cardiac

What is the relationship between pressure and volume?

they are inversely proportional