Chapter 19 WWI
Ferdinand Foch
French commander of the allied forces that joined forces with the american expeditionary forces to fight as one
U-Boat
German submarine, taken from the German "Unterseeboat"
How was Germany unified in 1871
Germany was unified by Otto Von Bismark. He led the German State of Prussia. He fought wars, and by doing this he unified Germany.
Espionage
N. The act of spying, especially a government spy obtaining secrets of another government
The Balkans
Present day territory that includes Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, and the former Yugoslavia. Revolutions sparked by nationalism began here: Greece (1821), WWI (1914)
General strike
(1926) strike by workers in many different industries at the same time, lasted nine days and involved three million
The Zimmerman telegram
- A letter sent from Arthur Zimmerman of Germany that held proof of Germany trying to persuade Mexico to attack the U.S
How did the Supreme Court ruled in the case Schenck v. the United States?
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How did the draft operate in war one regarding African-Americans?
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What was the role of airplanes during the war?
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What were the effects of machine guns on the tactical situation in Europe during World War I?
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Why did Woodrow WIlson send marines into Latin America ?
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Sedition Act
1798, (JA) , made it a crime to write, print, utter, or publish criticism of the president of government
Bolsheviks
A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917.
Doughboys
A nickname for the inexperienced but fresh American soldiers during WWI
Pancho Villa
A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata.
Sussex Pledge
A promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning.
Red Scare
A social/political movement designed to prevent a socialist/communist/radical movement in this country by finding "radicals," incarcerating them, deporting them, and subverting their activities
Which countries composed the Triple Entente?
Britain, France, and Russia
How did the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) get started?
By the Federal Reserve Act of 1913
John Pershing
Commander of American Expeditionary Force of over 1 million troops who insisted his soldiers fight as independent units so US would have independent role in shaping the peace
Vladimir Lenin
Founder of the Russian Communist Party, this man led the November Revolution in 1917 which established a revolutionary soviet government based on a union of workers, peasants, and soldiers.
Barnard Baruch
Led the War industries Board which was designed to coordniate the efficency of war materials
What did the Fuel Administration introduce during World War I to conserve energy?
Monitored coal supplies and rationed gasoline and heating oil, introduced daylight savings time.
The Committee on Public Information
The Committee on Public Information used propaganda to arouse public support for the war and stifle dissent. Americans were persuaded to buy war bonds and believe that Germany was a particularly barbarous nation.
Hooverize
The Food Administration, headed by Herbert Hoover, promoted a program of wheatless Mondays and Wednesdays, meatless Tuesdays, and porkless Thursdays and Saturdays. Farm incomes rose, food production increased, domestic fod consumption fell, and America's food shipments to the Allies tripled.
What was the immediate event that touched off the first declaration of war in World War I?
The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
The " BIG FOUR"
The four major figures at a Paris Peace Conference. They were
The Great Migration
The migration of thousands of African-Americans from the South to the North. African Americans were looking to escape the problems of racism in the South and felt they could seek out better jobs and an overall better life in the North.
The Triple Alliance
This alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Italy later left, and was replaced with The Ottoman Empire (Turkey) and Bulgaria. Also known as the Central Powers.
Espionage Act
This law, passed after the United States entered WWI, imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. It allowed the postmaster general to remove from the mail any materials that incited treason or insurrection.
Liberty Bonds
Where people bought bonds so the government could get that money now for war. The bonds increased in interest over time.
What was President Wilson's purpose for the invasion of Vera Cruz?
Wilson's response to war reflected a long-standing tradition of isolationism. He wanted to stand neutral
What events pushed the United States into World War I?
Zimmerman's Telegraph, Submarine Warfare and the Lusitania, Propaganda
Four-minute Men
a group of volunteers authorized by the President Woodrow Wilson, to give four-minute speeches on topics given to them by The Committee on Public Information. The topics dealt with the American war effort in the First World War and were presented during the four minutes between reel changing in movie theaters across the country.
Dogfight
battles in the air between individual pilots from opposing countries
Black Hand
the Serbian terrorist group that planned to assassinate Franz Ferdinand, part of the Pan-Slavism nationalist movement, with the intention of uniting all of the territories containing South Slav populations (Serbs, Croats, Macedonians, Slovenes, etc) annexed by Austria-Hungary.