Chapter 2

What is the cheapest method to transport heavy goods and materials? a) by sea b) by rail c) by air d) by truck

a) by sea

Which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country boundaries? a) internationalism b) international trade c) global trade d) globalization

d) globalization

The strong globalization viewpoint holds that developing countries are now persuaded by the lure of global capital to open their economies to investment by foreign corporations. a) True b) False

a) True

The influence of human behavior on earth since the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s is so significant that it constitutes a new geological era called the: a) anthropocene. b) holocene. c) pleistocene. d) eocene.

a) anthropocene.

Transportation networks may be intentionally designed to: a) enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others. b) increase environmental impacts. c) limit connectivity. d) benefit automotive manufacturing.

a) enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others.

The process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as: a) glocalization. b) globalization. c) cultural branding. d) cultural ecology.

a) glocalization.

Suburbs, large roads, limited sidewalks, and a near lack of public transportation characterize the United States. These aspects are largely the result of: a) inexpensive oil prices. b) efficient urban planning. c) expensive transportation. d) expensive oil prices.

a) inexpensive oil prices.

Identify the correct trade flow in the triangular trading system amongst Europe → Africa → the Americas → Europe, which ultimately helped establish the foundations of the capitalized world economy. a) manufactured goods, slaves, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.) b) slaves, manufactured goods, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.) c) commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.), manufactured goods, slaves d) commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.), slaves, manufactured goods

a) manufactured goods, slaves, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.)

To "maintain international peace and security," "to develop friendly relations among nations," to "achieve international cooperation" in order to solve economic and social problems, and to "be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends," was the mission statement for this organization following World War II. a) the United Nations (UN) b) the North American Treaty Alliance c) the League of Nations (LN) d) the Warsaw Pact

a) the United Nations (UN)

Which of the following describes the process that accelerates the experience of time and reduces the significance of distance in information technology networks? a) time-space compression b) distance decay c) distance depression d) distance compression

a) time-space compression

The relative importance of cities over smaller towns and rural areas is referred to as: a) urban hierarchies. b) urban heat islands. c) rural to urban migration. d) urbanization.

a) urban hierarchies.

Which of the following is the most remote place in the world (in terms of the number of people who live far from a city of 50,000 or more)? a) The Pacific Islands b) The Tibetan Plateau c) Antarctica d) The Siberian Plateau

b) The Tibetan Plateau

Landlocked countries face particular exporting problems because both time and money are required to cross country borders, making transportation: a) efficient. b) expensive. c) sustainable. d) fast.

b) expensive.

Several components in the atmosphere are responsible for the greenhouse effect, including water vapor, methane, ozone, nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases. Collectively, these are known as: a) Goldi Locls syndrome. b) greenhouse gases. c) climate change. d) outgassing.

b) greenhouse gases.

Which of the following is a term often used by geographers to describe the dominance of one state on the global stage? a) first world b) hegemon c) Pokémon d) imperialist state

b) hegemon

Which of the following describes a type of transportation network where a few large, central nodes are connected to smaller points? a) regional network b) hub-and-spoke system c) linear network d) nodal network

b) hub-and-spoke system

What fueled the second wave of colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century? a) exploration b) industrialization c) agriculture d) the slave trade

b) industrialization

Which of the following was not a driving force behind the Bretton Woods conference? a) providing stability and growth b) national defense c) rebuilding economies d) preventing another depression

b) national defense

In early history (dating back to the Greeks and Romans), the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was: a) religious expansion. b) need for resources and tribute. c) exploration. d) decreasing populations.

b) need for resources and tribute.

Ideas and goods diffuse from the hearth first: a) to places that export to the same region as the hearth exports. b) to places most connected to the hearth. c) from spoke to spoke in a hub-and-spoke system. d) from the outer belt to the central business district.

b) to places most connected to the hearth.

According to a 2008 European Commission study, what percentage of the world's population is more than two days travel time from a city of 50,000 people or more? a) 2 percent b) 5 percent c) 10 percent d) 20 percent

c) 10 percent

Colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scale agricultural production in the Americas and to establish trading posts for the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and ports for the spice trade in Asia. What best describes this trading system? a) It was isolated. b) It only affected the local port communities. c) It had a global reach. d) It had a regional reach.

c) It had a global reach.

Political scientists outlined four hegemons between 1500 and 2000. Select the correct match of country and century below. a) Portugal—1500s; Spain—1600s; Great Britain—1700s and 1800s; and the United States—1900s b) Spain—1500s; Great Britain—1700s and 1800s; the United States—1900s; and China—2000s c) Spain—1500s; the Netherlands—1600s; Great Britain—1700s and 1800s; and the United States—1900s d) the Netherlands—1500s; Spain—1600s; Great Britain—1700s and 1800s; and the United States—1900s

c) Spain—1500s; the Netherlands—1600s; Great Britain—1700s and 1800s; and the United States—1900s

Which of the following is not consistent with strong globalization? a) The global economy has emerged since the 1970s. b) The global economy is significantly different from previous economies. c) States (countries) play an increasingly significant role in world trade. d) The market is all important and not constrained by state governments.

c) States (countries) play an increasingly significant role in world trade.

A transportation network that favors movement to and from a central point or location, such as a capital city to a residential area, is known as what type of network? a) central business district (CBD) network b) linear network c) radial d) rails to trails network

c) radial

The greenhouse effect keeps the earth at a livable temperature. About how many degrees Fahrenheit (33 degrees Celsius) cooler would earth would be without the greenhouse effect? a) 30 b) 40 c) 50 d) 60

d) 60 ?

Why do some scholars think China will supersede the United States as the dominant world superpower? a) China is leading the way in recognizing human rights for all its people. b) China's willingness to build clean-energy infrastructure is making it a magnet for industry. c) China has an increasingly open government that allows free speech. d) China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepeneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world.

d) China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepeneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world.

There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the first wave (1500-1825)? a) Europeans colonized the Americas. b) Europeans colonized the coast of Africa. c) Colonization fueled the triangular trade network. d) Economies were focused on tourism.

d) Economies were focused on tourism.

There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the second wave (1825-1975)? a) Europeans colonized Asia. b) Europeans colonized Africa. c) Colonization fueled the capitalist world economy. d) Economies were focused on tourism.

d) Economies were focused on tourism.

Which of the following is not one of the three financial institutions that came into existence as a result of the Bretton Woods conference at the close of World War II? a) International Monetary Fund (IMF) b) World Bank c) General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs / World Trade Organization (WTO) d) International Reserve Bank

d) International Reserve Bank

Which of the following pairs are two of the wealthiest countries in the world that are also landlocked? a) Liechtenstein and Germany b) Bolivia and Paraguay c) Lesotho and Andorra d) Luxembourg and Switzerland

d) Luxembourg and Switzerland

The first wave of colonialism was sparked by these European colonial powers. a) France and Spain b) British Isles c) Italy and France d) Spain and Portugal

d) Spain and Portugal

In cities, one often sees a radial network of commuter trains that goes out from the central business district (CBD) of a city to residential neighborhoods and suburbs. Why has the growth of businesses within the city suburbs led to massive traffic congestion? a) Taking the train downtown is more of an exciting adventure, whereas taking the trains between suburbs is boring, so people would rather just drive. b) The hub and spoke system favors train travel between suburbs, but train travel downtown is inconvenient. c) Trains make too many stops when they go from one suburb to the other. d) The hub and spoke system favors train travel to the city, but makes train travel from suburb to suburb inconvenient.

d) The hub and spoke system favors train travel to the city, but makes train travel from suburb to suburb inconvenient.

In 1945, following the world wars, this organization had 51 member countries; in 2015, membership has grown to 193 members. a) European Union (EU) b) African Union (AU) c) Red Cross (international relief organization) d) United Nations (UN)

d) United Nations (UN)

Approximately, how many landlocked countries are in the world? a) less than 30 b) 30-35 c) 35-40 d) above 40

d) above 40

Although people in remote locations have gained connection through Internet access and mobile phone usage, there is a notable gap between the average bandwidth and accessibility, creating what is referred to as the: a) rural urban divide. b) great divide. c) income divide. d) digital divide.

d) digital divide.

Which of the following is not consistent with weak globalization? a) long-standing process b) began in the 1500s with the expansion of the Spanish and Portuguese empires c) trade relationships operating today have their roots in the Columbian Exchange d) emerged since the 1970s

d) emerged since the 1970s

The effects of global climate change will be distributed unevenly across the planet. Which of the following is not a factor contributing to the vulnerability of a group of people? a) risk (or probability) b) sensitivity of a livelihood (what you do for a living) to an environmental change c) a household's ability to recover from an environmental shock d) level of education

d) level of education