chapter 2

organic soils contain _____% or more organic matter

20

A pedon is a human device for studying soil. It is a section of soil 3 ft. X 3 ft. X _____ ft.

5

Topsoil: organic matter accumulates , dark colored

A

parent materials were carried and deposited in moving fresh water to form sediments

Alluvial soil

subsoil, zone of acccumulation, (illuviation)

B

Parent material of soil little touched by soil forming processes

C

soil parent materials moved by sliding or rolling down a slope scattered in hilly or mountaineous areas

Colluvium

greatest eluvation, depleted in clay, chemicals, organic matter, light colored

E

water molecules join with the crystalline structure of minerals

Hydration

Wholly or partially decayed plant and animal debris, undisturbed soil, example-forest

O

underlying hard bedrock may be cracked fractured intrudes into soil

R

form below hills and mountain ranges where streams flowing down slope deposit material in a fan shape at the base

alluvial fan

All of the following are ways in which climate effects soil development EXCEPT

amount of sedimentary rock in parent material

Minerals dissolved in water

dissolution

soil losses of clay iron and other materials in downward moving water

eluviation

soil parent materials carried by wind

eolian deposit

clay sand rocks and other materials that were picked up crushed and ground and deposited elsewhere by glaciers

glacial drift

coarser material from glacier meltwater that was deposited near the glacier and in nearby streams and rivers

glacial outwash

debris dropped in place to form deposits during glacier melting

glacial till

minerals react with the hydrogen in water molecules and split the water

hydrolysis

zone of accumulation where chemicals leached out of the A and E horizon accumulate

illuviation

when a river cuts deeply into a floodplain to flow at a lower elevation the old floodplain is called a

river terrace

rock formed by pressure applied to lose materials is called

sedimentary

soil formation

soil genesis

horizontal layers that develop as a soil ages

soil horizon

a vertical section through the soil extending into unweathered parent material and exposing all the horizons

soil profile

The four soil forming processes includes all of the following EXCEPT

transpiration

A talus sandd and rocks that collect at the foot of a slope, is an example of a colluvial material but includes all of the following Except

waterslides

roots growing into a crack in rock is called root

wedging