Chapter 2
Which of the following statements about federalism is correct? Federalism primarily entails the growth of the federal government The Framers generally followed the model of federalism outlined in the Articles of Confederation Ensuring federalism was one of the easier tasks undertaken by the Framers of the Constitution Federalism was a subject of intense debate during the drafting of the Constitution
Federalism was a subject of intense debate during the drafting of the Constitution
Which president was responsible for a shift toward the modern welfare state? Theodore Roosevelt Franklin Roosevelt Herbert Hoover Harry Truman
Franklin Roosevelt
One of the strengths of a federal system is that it encourages innovation and experimentation in policy development. In what way does this relate to the issue of medical marijuana? The worse public health outcomes achieved by states with medical marijuana will conclusively prove that legalizing marijuana is the worst policy option for all states The better public health outcomes achieved by states with medical marijuana will conclusively prove that legalizing marijuana is the best policy option for all states If a majority of states come to legalize medical marijuana, it would force the federal government to reclassify it as a Schedule II drug and thus permit more testing on it Greater understanding of the potential medical benefits (and risks) of marijuana could be learned from the experiences of states that have legalized medical marijuana
Greater understanding of the potential medical benefits (and risks) of marijuana could be learned from the experiences of states that have legalized medical marijuana
How did President Reagan's vision of federalism differ from that of most other modern presidents? He believed that a federal system should limit the scope of government in order to protect civil liberties He believed that civil rights' issues should trump national security issues He believed that the federal government should play a significant role in the regulation of industry and transportation He was a strong proponent of unfunded mandates
He believed that a federal system should limit the scope of government in order to protect civil liberties
Reagan's vision of federalism differed from most other modern presidents' visions in which of the following ways? He endorsed unfunded mandates He believed that state power should be secondary to that of the federal government He believed that the federal government should play a significant role in the regulation of industry and transportation He believed that a federal system should limit the scope of government in order to protect civil liberties
He believed that a federal system should limit the scope of government in order to protect civil liberties
Why did President Clinton suspend Executive Order 13083? He received pressure from Congress He received pressure from state and local governments He became a states' rights advocate It was unconstitutional
He received pressure from state and local governments
How does addressing a public health crisis BEST relate to the concept of federalism? In a federal system, the national government is the only government entity with the power to address matters of public health In a federal system, neither the states nor the national government has the power to address public health issues In a federal system, power shifts to the states to resolve their own public health problems In a federal system, both states and the national government have powers that can affect the issues brought on by a public health crisis
In a federal system, both states and the national government have powers that can affect the issues brought on by a public health crisis
Which of the following might be considered a weakness of a federal system? It can lead to policy experimentation across the states It can lead to budget inefficiencies It promotes the division of labor within government It leads to a wide array of interests being included in the governing process
It can lead to budget inefficiencies
Which of the following is considered a weakness of a federal system? It satisfies citizens' need for participation with frequent elections and complex government It promotes the division of labor within government It hinders policy development and leads to budgetary inefficiency It discourages separatism and secession
It hinders policy development and leads to budgetary inefficiency
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the nature of the modern federal system? The backlash from the states in response to growing national power has been greatly reduces It is characterized by a struggle to balance power between the federal and state governments It is characterized by a power struggle that has overwhelmingly favored the states The debate over the balance of power between the federal and state governments has largely been resolved
It is characterized by a struggle to balance power between the federal and state governments
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 contained which of the following provisions? It limited Medicaid coverage It excluded children under 26 from their parents' health insurance plans It mandated that all citizens have medical insurance It allowed insurance companies to discriminate against individuals with preexisting conditions
It mandated that all citizens have medical insurance
Which of the following may be considered a strength of a federal system? It leaves open the door for secession It provides fewer opportunities for political participation It depends on state compliance It prevents tyranny through the decentralization of power and public administration
It prevents tyranny through the decentralization of power and public administration
Which of the following is considered a strength of a federal system? It depends on state compliance It provides more opportunities for political participation It limits oversight and accountability It hinders policy development
It provides more opportunities for political participation
According to the text, which of the following represents a major problem with decentralization? It creates an inability to experiment with different policy solutions It results in highly inefficient policies Federal and state governments must share power Policy development is universalistic
It results in highly inefficient policies
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal legislation did which of the following? It resulted in a deepening of the Great Depression It successfully installed extra judges on the Supreme Court It ushered in an era during which the powers of the federal government were protected by the Supreme Court It lessened the power of the central government in relation to the power of the states
It ushered in an era during which the powers of the federal government were protected by the Supreme Court
Why was the health care reform legislation challenged in court? Opponents of the law felt that the United States needed a nationwide single-payer health care system Opponents of the law felt that the reforms wouldn't fix any of the problems with the health care system in the United States Opponents of the law felt that there was nothing wrong with the health care system in the United States Opponents of the law felt that the federal government had overstepped its authority
Opponents of the law felt that the federal government had overstepped its authority
How can the most recent version of federalism be characterized? Some power has shifted back to the states The federal government dominates the states more than ever before The states are now more powerful than the federal government There has been no change in federalism since the mid-20th century
Some power has shifted back to the states
What must happen before the national government will provide emergency relief to state and local governments? State and local governments must have depleted all their own resources to provide emergency services themselves State and local governments must request and approve emergency relief from the national government Public opinion must demand that leaders in Washington intervene The national government must deem emergency relief politically necessary
State and local governments must request and approve emergency relief from the national government
Under the Articles of Confederation, states generally felt which of the following with regard to the federal government? States wanted to abolish the federal government completely States felt that the federal government had far too much power over their affairs Southern states opposed the federal government while Northern states supported it States enjoyed their sovereignty from the federal government
States enjoyed their sovereignty from the federal government
The use of coercive federalism, particularly unfunded mandates, led to what important historical event? The 1994 Republican Revolution The election of Bill Clinton to President The 1929 Stock Market Crash The election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt to President
The 1994 Republican Revolution
Which of the following characterizes the evolution of the balance of power between state, local, and national governments? The federal government has progressively assumed greater responsibility for domestic and economic issues The debate surrounding the balance of power has almost completely disappeared State governments share virtually none of the same powers as the federal government Local governments have assumed sole responsibility for domestic issues
The federal government has progressively assumed greater responsibility for domestic and economic issues
Why did the federal government use grants-in-aid during the era of cooperative federalism? They allowed the federal government to influence policy in areas in which it did not enjoy constitutional authority Citizens did not trust state governments to distribute money effectively States were not responding to threats the federal government had been making The economy desperately needed money more than it needed new public policy
They allowed the federal government to influence policy in areas in which it did not enjoy constitutional authority How have scientific/technological changes affected the relationship between the federal and state governments? They have increased the potential for new national government regulations They have reduced the costs of operating government programs They have reduced the power of the national government over the states They have increased the number of citizens participating in policymaking;They have increased the potential for new national government regulations
One of the weaknesses of a federal system is that it leads to policy inconsistencies. In what way does this create problems for legitimate marijuana businesses in states where the drug is legal? They have a hard time attracting customers, due to fears of being arrested by federal agents They cannot set up websites, because the FCC prohibits drug-related businesses from advertising their products online They have a hard time competing with black-market dealers who can offer low-priced, tax-free marijuana They can use only cash, because banks will not work with businesses that are in violation of federal law
They can use only cash, because banks will not work with businesses that are in violation of federal law
Scientific and technological developments affect issues of federalism in which of the following ways? They tend to create stricter boundaries between states, counties, and towns They create the potential for more government oversight and new regulations They lead to the creation of fewer government agencies They engender national disengagement from environmental protection efforts
They create the potential for more government oversight and new regulations
Modern federalism, or the system in place since the 1930s, has been characterized by which of the following? a commingling of national and state responsibilities distinct policy jurisdictions between the federal and state governments a steady increase in the power of the federal government a steady increase in the power of state governments
a commingling of national and state responsibilities
A federal policy that requires states to comply without receiving federal funds to cover the cost of the policy is an example of what? a block grant dual federalism an unfunded mandate cooperative federalism
an unfunded mandate
According to James Madison, a tyranny of the majority could be avoided in which of the following ways? by decreasing political participation by having a diversity of views by limiting the sphere of government by having fewer distinct groups in society
by having a diversity of views
How did the national government ensure cooperation with its policies during the era of coercive federalism? by limiting the reach of the Commerce Clause by threatening to remove funding from programs through social programs aimed at increasing civil rights through federal grants-in-aid
by threatening to remove funding from programs
The national government withholding highway funding from states until they comply with national laws represents an example of which of the following? coercive federalism state sovereignty dual federalism Unconstitutionality
coercive federalism
What was the primary reason for Madison's doctrine of "double security?" concern over the abuse of power by elected officials fear of growth of state power worry about the potential for Civil War a desire to limit the power of the bureaucracy
concern over the abuse of power by elected officials
Incentives provided by grants-in-aid act as a substitute for which of the following? Choose the BEST answer. dual federalism states' rights constitutional authority the Commerce Clause
constitutional authority
What is it called when the federal government delegates power to the states? grants-in-aid devolution unfunded mandates dual federalism
devolution
Federalism is BEST described as which of the following? a policy designed to enhance the power of the federal government division of power between the three branches of government division of power between the federal and state governments division of power between civilian and military leadership
division of power between the federal and state governments
Which type of federalism is characterized by the national and state governments working independently of each other? cooperative coercive Dual marble cake
dual
Which type of federalism is characterized by the national and state governments working independently of each other? cooperative federalism dual federalism coercive federalism marble cake federalism
dual federalism
The issue that acted as a catalyst in the shift toward cooperative federalism was PRIMARILY of what nature? economic and financial civil rights expansion of executive power a matter of national defense in the buildup to World War II
economic and financial
Which issue led to conflict between the FCC and state lawmakers? interstate internet sales tax commercial speech broadband access net neutrality
net neutrality
Which of the following characterizes the power of the national government during the age of dual federalism? unlimited by the Supreme Court pertaining mainly to commerce, defense, and international trade relatively high in comparison to the states working together with the states
pertaining mainly to commerce, defense, and international trade
Political Scientist William Riker argued in his 1964 book Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance that if "one disapproves of ____________ than one should disapprove of federalism." racism the Roe v. Wade decision a strong central government the Brown v. Board of Education decision
racism
According to the text, proponents of new federalism support which of the following measures? maximizing the amount of unfunded mandates returning power to the states increasing the size of the federal government decreasing the federal deficit
returning power to the states
Events such as the Civil War and the Great Depression have generally resulted in which of the following? increased state power relative to the federal government a shrinking of the executive branch shifts in the balance of power toward the federal government fewer government agencies
shifts in the balance of power toward the federal government
What type of issues led to the shift from cooperative to coercive federalism? Choose the BEST answer. social budgetary national defense voting rights
social
According to the text, debate over which issue caused the secession of the Southern states prior to the Civil War? Choose the BEST answer. economic freedom civil liberties equal rights state sovereignty
state sovereignty
What is the basic principle of federalism? that governing power is divided between multiple levels of government that state governments must respect each other's laws that power must be divided evenly across different branches of government that different branches of the federal government must be able to check each other's powers
that governing power is divided between multiple levels of government
During the age of dual federalism, the Supreme Court limited the power of the national government through its interpretation of which portion of the Constitution? the Commerce Clause the Supremacy Clause the Full Faith and Credit Clause the Necessary and Proper Clause
the Commerce Clause
According to his 1966 statement, President Johnson considered the establishment of which federal agency to be "an essential building block" for the future of the United States? the Federal Communications Commission the Federal Aviation Administration the Department of Transportation the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
the Department of Transportation
Which governmental institution is PRIMARILY credited with the most recent shift in the balance of power between the state and federal governments? the House of Representatives the executive branch the Supreme Court the Senate
the Supreme Court
Madison's concept of "double security" was PRIMARILY intended to check which of the following? the growth of state power the executive branch the abuse of political power the rising Confederacy
the abuse of political power
Clinton's 1998 executive order on federalism reflected ideas primarily attributed to which of the following? the Republican Party the anti-Federalists the Federalists the suffragists
the federalists
The federal government became more involved in state and local matters through which of the following measures? creating federally funded public schools hiring bureaucrats to take over state and local governments creating new state and local programs the use of grants-in-aid
the use of grants-in-aid
