Chapter 2 cross sectional anatomy

temporal, sphenoid, and occipital bones Foramen lacerum

Fibrocartilage, internal carotid artery as it leaves carotid canal to enter cranium, nerve of pterygoid canal, and a meningeal branch from the ascending pharygeal artery.

6. which of the following foramina is a jagged slit that allows the internal carotid artery to enter the cranium and is located between the apex of the petrous pyramid, body of the sphenoid bone, and basilar portion of the occipital bone?

Foramen lacerum

Sphenoid

Foramen ovale

Frontal

Orbital plate

the _____ _____ creates the anterior boundary of the temporomandibular joint, preventing forward displacement of the mandibular condyle

articular eminence

9. which part of the mandible contains the alveolar process?

body

What is a cholesteatoma?

cholesteatomas are epidermoid cysts of the middle ear.

The basilar portion of the occipital bone is termed the _____

clivus

occipital

clivus

The articular disk of the TMJ is attached to the medial and lateral surface of the mandibular condyle by the____

collateral ligaments

the ethmoid notch of the frontal bone articulates with the ___ ____ of the ethmoid bone

cribriform plate

The ____ is located at the junction of the brainstem and spinal cord

foramen magnum

maxillary infraorbital foramen

infraorbital nerve and maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (V)

temporal bone carotid canal external auditory meatus internal auditory canal stylomastoid foramen and facial nerve canal

internal carotid artery air in canal conducts sound to tympanic membrane vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) and facial nerve (VII) Facial nerve (VII)

temporal and occipital bones jugular foramen

internal jugular vein, glosopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), and accessory nerve (XI)

5. which cranial bone contains the hypoglossal canal?

occipital bone

4. the optic canal is separated from the superior orbital fissure by which of the following?

optic strut

1. which cranial bones form the largest portion of the sides of the cranium?

parietal bone

7. the region surrounding the sphenoparietal suture where the parietal, sphenoid, temporal, and frontal bones meet is termed the

pterion

the greater wings of the sphenoid bone contain three paired foramina termed the ___,____,____

rotundum, ovale, spinosum

located within the basilar turn of the cochlea is the

round window

T/F The temporal bone forms part of the bony orbit

False

Sphenoid bone 1. foramen rotundum 2. foramen ovale 3. Foramen spinosum 4. Pterygoid canal 5. _______ (optic canal) 6. Superior orbital fissure

1. maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (V) 2. mandibular branch of trigeminal nevere(V) 3. Middle meningeal artery 4. Petrosal nerve 5. Optic nerve and opthalmic artery 6. Oculomotor nerve (III), trochelar nerve (IV), opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI) ophthalmic vein

6. Figure 2.106 a. Zygoma b. Ethmoid bulla c. Infundibulum d . Middle nasal meatus e. Uncinate process of ethmoid bone f. Orbital plate of frontal bone

2.106

16. Figure 2.109 a. Optic strut b. Optic canal c. Infraorbital foramen d. Nasal bone

2.109

15. Figure 2.112 a. Optic canal b. Superior orbital fissure c. Foramen rotundum d. Greater wing of sphenoid bone

2.112

9. Figure 2.116 a. Lens b. Posterior chamber c. Optic canal d. Optic nerve e. Medial rectus muscle

2.116

8. Figure 2.121 а. Optic nerve b. Superior rectus muscle c. Inferior rectus muscle d. Lens e. Retroorbital

2.121

5. Figure 2.15 a. Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone b. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone c. Ethmoid sinuses d. Anterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone

2.15

27. Figure 2.21 a. Condyloid process of mandible b. Dorsum sella of sphenoid bone c. Posterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone d. Temporal bone

2.21

Figure 2.23 a. Foramen magnum b. Foramen spinosum c. Foramen ovale of mandible d. Condyloid process e. Greater wing of sphenoid bone f. Clivus of occipital bone

2.23

11. Figure 2.28 а. Hypoglossal canal b. Atlantooccipital joint С. Jugular fossa d. Occipital condyle

2.28

12. Figure 2.31 а. Sphenoid sinus b. Dorsum sella of sphenoid bone c. Sella turcica of sphenoid bone d. External occipital protuberance

2.31

2. Figure 2.33 a. Carotid canal b. Jugular foramen C. Sphenoid sinus d. Ethmoid sinus e. External auditory meatus f. Mastoid air cells

2.33

13. Figure 2.40 a. Foramen lacerum b. Zygomatic arch c. Clivus of occipital bone d. Jugular foramen

2.40

21. Figure 2.50 a. Lateral semicircular canal b. Facial nerve canal c. Vestibule Internal auditory canal (IAC)

2.50

22. Figure 2.51 a. Incus b. Malleus c. Vestibule d. Cochlea (first turn)

2.51

23. Figure 2.52 a. Oval window b. Posterior semicircular canal C. Cochlea d. Internal auditory canal (IAC)

2.52

24. Figure 2.55 a. Mastoid antrum b. Stylomastoid foramen C. Lateral semicircular canal d. Occipital condyle

2.55

25. Figure 2.56 a. External auditory meatus (EAM) b. Mesotympanum c. Vestibule d. Internal auditory canal (IAC)

2.56

26. Figure 2.58 a. Incus b. Malleus c. Facial nerve canal d. Cochlea

2.58

20. Figure 2.62 a. Occipital bone b. Internal occipital protuberance c. Squamous suture d. Temporal bone

2.62

19. Figure 2.64 a. Sagittal suture b. Frontal (metopic) suture c. Anterior fontanel (bregma) d. Coronal suture

2.64

18. Figure 2.65 a. Coronal suture b. Squamous suture c. Occipitomastoid suture d. Lambdoidal suture

2.65

29. Figure 2.69 a. Mastoid process of temporal bone b. Horizontal portion of palatine bone c. Palatine process of maxilla d. Zygoma

2.69

30. Figure 2.7 a. Petrous portion of temporal bone b. Foramen magnum c. Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone d. Orbital plate of frontal bone

2.7

17. Figure 2.71 a. Zygomatic arch b. Coronoid c. Mental foramen process of mandible d. Zygoma

2.71

7. Figure 2.75 a. Palatine process of maxilla b. Horizontal portion of palatine bone C. Pterygoid process sphenoid bone d. Coronoid process of mandible е. Condyloid process of mandible

2.75

4. Figure 2.83 a. Pterygoid process of sphenoid bone b. Pterygoid hamulus of sphenoid bone c. Parietal bone d. Anterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone e. Sphenoid sinus f. Ramus of mandible

2.83

28. Figure 2.9 a. Nasal bone b. Frontal sinus c. Crista galli of ethmoid bone d. Ethmoid bone e. Meningeal vessel

2.9

14. Figure 2.94 a. Condyloid process of mandible b. Lateral pterygoid muscle c. Medial pterygoid muscle d. Masseter muscle

2.94

10. Figure 2.95 a. Condyloid process of mandible b. Maxillary sinus c. Bony nasal septum d. Medial pterygoid muscle e. Lateral pterygoid muscle

2.95

2. why would otorrhea or rhinorrhea be a possible complication of a basilar skull fracture?

Basilar skull fractures may causes tears of the meninges that allow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to leak through the ear structures (otorrhea) or into the nose (rhinorrhea)

Temporal

Carotid canal

What are the possible causes of cholesteatomas?

Cholesteatomas can be acquired or congenital but usually occur due to poor Eustachian tube function as well as middle ear infections

Ethmoid

Cribriform plate

T / F The largest immovable facial bone mandible.

False

Ethmoid: posterior

Superior nasal meatus

describe the parts of the hard palate

The anterior three-fourths of the hard palate is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla, and the posterior one-fourth is created by the horizontal portion of the palatine bones

1. Which cranial bones are typically fractured in a basilar skull fracture?

The cranial bones typically fractured in a basilar skull fracture include the temporal and occipital bones, but they may also involve the sphenoid and ethmoid bones

As a cholesteatoma enlarges, it may destroy the ossicles and adjacent bony structures of the middle ear. What are the names off the ossicles?

The ossicles of the middle ear are the malleus, incus, and stapes

2. which cranial bone contains the superior and middle nasal conchae?

ethmoid bone

_______ bone Cribriform plate Olfactory nerve (I)

ethmoid bone

one of the largest of the ethmoid air cells (ethmoid sinuses) is the

ethmoid bulla

T/F The lacrimal gland is located in the inferior medial portion of the orbit

false

T/F The maxillary sinuses drain into the inferior nasal meatus

false

T/F The vestibule is a structure of the inner ear that controls hearing

false

T/F there is typically only one sphenoid sinus

false

Lacrimal with maxilla lacrimal groove, nasolacrimal canal

lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct

10. Which of the following muscles is the strongest muscle of the jaw, arising from the zygomatic arch and inserting of the ramus and angle of the mandible?

masseter

Located on the lateral surface of the ramus is the ______ muscle, which elevates the mandible

masseter

8. the anterior nasal spine is part of which facial bone?

maxillary

sphenoid and maxillary bones inferior orbital fissure

maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (V)

occipital bone foramen magnum, hypoglossal canal

medula oblongata and accesory nerve (X) hypoglossal nerve (XII)

mandible mental foramen

mental artery and nerve

Ethmoid: anterior

middle nasal meatus

Frontal

middle nasal meatus

Maxillary

middle nasal meatus

parietal

sides of the cranium

sphenoid

sphenoethmoidal recess

The _________ bone is shaped like a butterfly and extends across the entire floor of the middle cranial fossa

sphenoid

3. the foramen rotundum is contained in which

sphenoid bone

The zygomatic process extends from the _____ bone

temporal

describe the anterior and posterior compartments of the glove of the eye and what each compartment contains

the anterior compartment is a small cavity located anterior to the lens. It contains the cornea and irir and is filled with aqueous humor, which helps maintain intraorbital pressure. The larger posterior compartment is located behind the lens and is surrounded by the retina. The posterior compartment contains vitreous humor, which helps maintain the shape of the eyeball.

describe the anterior fontanel

the anterior fontanel is termed bregma and is located at the junction of the upper parietal and frontal bones. This fontanel remains open until age 2

list the structures of the inner ear and describe their function

the inner ear contains the vestibule and semicircular canals, which control equilibrium and balance, and the cochlea, which is responsible for hearing.

describe the mastoid antrum

the mastoid antrum is located on the anterosupeior portion of the mastoid process. It is an air-filled cavity that communicates with the middle ear (tympanic cavity)

list the structures of the middle ear

the middle ear consists of the tympanic membrane and the three auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes)

list the cranial bones that are joined together by the squamous suture

the squamous suture joins the squamous portion of the temporal bone to the parietal bone

Describe the superior orbital fissure

the superior orbital fissure is located between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone in a triangular opening, for the passage of the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, and opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerves as well as the opthalmic veins.

T/F The inner ear is normally fluid filled

true

T/F a function of the oblique muscle group is to rotate the eyeball

true

T/F the ethmoid bulla is part of the osteomeatal unit

true

T/F the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is formed by the condyloid process, the mandible, and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

true

The anterior portion of the sella turcica is termed the

tuberculum sellae

The ____ forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum

vomer

Frontal bone Supraorbital foramen (or notch) and Frontal foramen (or notch)

x Supraorbital nerve and artery x Front artery and nerve