Chapter 2 Ethics

The Joseph P. And Rose B. Kennedy Institute of _________ was established at Georgetown University in 1971 by a generous grant from the Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation. A. Ethics B. Philosophy C. Kidney transplants D. Biomedical research

A. Ethics

The international code of ethics that governs human research and experimentation is the __________. A. Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki B. Hippocratic Oath C. Code of Hammurabi D. International Research Product Code

A. Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki

3. The ___________ established guidelines for medical doctors conducting biomedical research involving human subjects. A. World Medical Association B. National Institutes of Health C. World Health Organization D. Institute of Ethics

A. World Medical Association

Based on Roe v. Wade, the third trimester of a pregnancy recognizes __________. A. a state's right to prohibit all abortions except those deemed necessary to protect maternal life or health B. an abortion decision between a woman and her physician C. a state's right to prohibit all abortions D. the Supreme Court's right to decide a woman's right to abortion on a case-by-case basis

A. a state's right to prohibit all abortions except those deemed necessary to protect maternal life or health

Based on Roe v. Wade, the second trimester of a pregnancy involves __________. A. a state's right to regulate abortion procedures in ways reasonably related to maternal health B. an abortion decision between a woman and her physician C. a state's right to prohibit all abortions D. the Supreme Court's right to decide a woman's right to abortion on a case-by-case basis

A. a state's right to regulate abortion procedures in ways reasonably related to maternal health

Wrongful birth actions claim that __________. A. but for breach of duty by the defendant, a child would not have been born B. damages were sustained by parents of an unexpected child C. the child's conception was the result of negligent sterilization procedures or a defective contraceptive device D. the parent and/or child claims to have suffered harm as a result of being born

A. but for breach of duty by the defendant, a child would not have been born

Using semen from a donor, rather than from the spouse, to induce pregnancy is referred to as _______. A. heterologous artificial insemination B. semen donation from the spouse C. homologous insemination D. sterilization

A. heterologous artificial insemination

Physicians have a clear duty to inform patients about the _________ and benefits of experimental procedures, as well as about the alternatives to experimental procedures. A. risks B. actions C. competition D. pros

A. risks

The National of Institutes Health published guidelines on human ____________ following the first kidney transplant conducted in 1954. A. cloning B. experimentation C. behavior D. psychology

B. Experimentation

__________ can identify certain diseases that can be detected in the blood and used to determine whether an individual is at risk for developing a disease. A. Externalization B. Genetic markers C. Sterilization D. Appropriate markers

B. Genetic markers

________ cell research involves the use of embryonic stem cells to create organs and various body tissues. A. Protozoa B. Stem C. Hibernation D. Nuclear

B. Stem

___________ claims are initiated by the parent and/or child based on the harm suffered as a result of being born. A. Wrongful birth B. Wrongful life C. Wrongful conception D. Rightful life

B. Wrongful life

Based on Roe v. Wade, the first trimester of a pregnancy involves __________. A. a state's right to regulate abortion procedures in ways reasonably related to maternal health B. an abortion decision between a woman and her physician C. a state's right to prohibit all abortions D. the Supreme Court's right to decide a woman's right to abortion on a case-by-case basis

B. an abortion decision between a woman and her physician

Federal organ donation regulations require hospitals to __________. A. develop a process to facilitate untimely donation and transplantation B. develop protocols regarding an organization's organ procurement responsibilities C. develop a process to inform the news media of potential donors D. educate hospital staff on a variety of issues involved with caring for AIDS patients

B. develop protocols regarding an organization's organ procurement responsibilities

The injection of the spouse's seminal fluid into a woman to induce pregnancy is referred to as __________. A. heterologous artificial insemination B. homologous artificial insemination C. impregnation D. sterilization

B. homologous artificial insemination

State laws have been developed to _________ the confidentiality of HIV-related information. A. publish B. protect C. freely share D. openly share

B. protect

The court in Doe v. Zimmerman declared unconstitutional a Pennsylvania Abortion Control Act provision requiring the written consent of the __________. A. parent B. spouse C. state D. physician

B. spouse

The Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990 was enacted to ensure that patients are informed of their rights to execute advanced directives and accept or ________ medical care. A. provide B. attribute C. refuse D. consult

C. Refuse

An ethical consideration that must be addressed when conducting research is __________. A. family decisions over another person's personal autonomy B. the need for paternalism C. informed consent D. a hospital's capital projects that require financing

C. informed consent

The right to abortion, granted by Roe v. Wade, raises numerous __________ issues. The conflict between pro-choice and pro-life advocates will continue to pervade America's landscape. The issues are numerous and the emotions run high. A. mutually agreeable B. satisfactory C. moral D. financial

C. moral

Sterilization is often accomplished by either ____________ for men or tubal ligation for women. A. abortion B. castration C. vasectomy D. whipple

C. vasectomy

Abortion issues can involve __________. A. the rights of the mother B. the rights of a fetus C. the state's interest in protecting life D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct

Conflict between pro-choice and pro-life advocates involves ethical principles, such as __________. A. autonomy B. beneficence C. nonmaleficence D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

Federal regulations control federal grants that apply to experiments involving new __________. A. drugs B. medical devices C. medical procedures D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

___________ insemination is the process by which sperm is placed into the reproductive tract of a female, for the purpose of impregnating the female by using means other than sexual intercourse. A. Spousal B. Circuit C. Surrogate D. Artificial

D. Artificial

An ethical ___________ arises in situations where a choice must be made between unpleasant alternatives. A. right B. norm C. wrong D. dilemma

D. Dilemma

__________ Death with Dignity Act made it the first state to recognize the right of terminally ill patients to seek physician-assisted suicide. A. Washington's B. California's C. New York's D. Oregon's

D. Oregon

The constitutional right of women to have an abortion before viability of the fetus, as first enunciated in Roe v. Wade, was reaffirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court in __________. A. Harris v. McRae B. Doe v. Bolton C. Maher v. Roe D. Planned Parenthood v. Casey

D. Planned Parenthood v. Casey

Doe v. Bolton struck down a procedural requirement imposed by state abortion statutes involving __________. A. residency requirements for allied health professionals B. hospital requirements that hospitals accredited by the Joint Commission also have a separate certification to perform abortions C. approval by a committee of the nursing staff D. a requirement for consultations

D. a requirement for consultations, but may be able to argue B

Federal regulations require hospital-based researchers to obtain approval of an institutional review board, which functions to __________. A. review proposed research studies B. conduct follow-up reviews on a regular basis C. approve all research protocols without question D. both review proposed research studies and conduct follow-up reviews on a regular basis

D. both review proposed research studies and conduct follow-up reviews on a regular basis

Organizations conducting clinical trials on human subjects must __________. A. disclose inherent risks, benefits, and treatment alternatives to all relatives B. be sure the patient is incompetent to consent C. obtain consent from the patient's best friend D. educate staff as to potential side effects as well as the implementation and ongoing monitoring of protocols

D. educate staff as to potential side effects as well as the implementation and ongoing monitoring of protocols

The principle of justice, as it relates to research, involves whether each person is treated __________. A. according to merit and one's value to society B. according to family needs C. according to societal contribution D. equally

D. equally

The U.S. Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade __________. A. denied a woman's right to privacy B. denied the state's interest in protecting the unborn C. did not attempt to spell out the extent to which states may regulate abortions D. recognized a woman's right to self-determination

D. recognized a woman's right to self-determination