Chapter 2: evaluating nutrition information

The science of nutrition is ______.

Constantly evolving

Researchers from Cornell University have written a manuscript about the impact of soy consumption on breast cancer risk. Which of the following people is best qualified to be a peer reviewer of the manuscript before it is published?

A researcher from the University of Illinois who specializes in soy research, but did not collaborate on the study

Which terms best describes marketing a product with a personal endorsement?

testimonial

An example of an Internet website that might contain biased nutrition information is a

.com site

Some funding sources of scientific research can have certain expectations or _____ about research outcomes, and as a result, are likely to finance studies of scientists whose research supports their interests.

bias

A website that is authored or sponsored by one person tends to provide ____ information.

biased

A factor that may not be studied but may affect a research outcome is called a ______ variable.

confounding

Experimental epidemiological studies utilize

control group and treatment group

A limitation of observational studies is that nutrition scientists can only look for a ______ between variables and health outcomes.

correlation

When two variables have a relationship they are said to be in ____ with each other but you cannot say there is a cause and effect relationship.

correlation

A physician named Joseph Goldberger discovered that the disease pellagra was related to

diet

Studies that can illustrate differences in dietary patterns among populations and can lead to additional experiments that may be able to test the cause of the disease process are called ______.

epidemiological

A scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact is called a(n) ______.

experiment

A(n) ____ is a systematic way of testing a hypothesis.

experiment

Nutrition scientists conduct _____ epidemiological studies to obtain information about health conditions that may result from specific dietary practices.

experimental

An anecdote ______ considered scientific evidence.

is not

Choose an example of a nutrient deficiency disease.

lack of niacin leading to pellagra

Nutrient deficiency diseases are a result of ______.

lack of proper nutrition & poor diets

Why do nutrition recommendations change?

scientists change their recommendations in light of new research findings

What type of study has very few confounding variables?

test tube studies

A ______ is a personal endorsement of a product.

testimonial

When a friend tells you she is taking a vitamin B complex supplement and she feels more energetic as a result, she is sharing an , or a report of a personal experience.

Anecdote

Epidemiologists often rely on ______ people to obtain health data.

surveys of & physical examinations of

Scientists expect researchers to avoid relying on their personal attitudes and ____ when selecting participants for research and collecting and analyzing data.

Bias

An infomercial for a new weight-loss supplement claims that the medical community has been keeping this formula secret for decades and features the testimonials of an ex-baseball player and a prominent pop music star, who say they lost 12 pounds in the first two weeks. Should you try this supplement?

No

Which of the following are suggestions to help consumers make healthful and logical nutrition decisions?

Avoid practitioners who prescribe unnecessary megadoses of nutrients apply healthy nutrition practices to confirm or disprove claims examine the scientific credentials of the individual or company making a claim read the product labels carefully.

In vivo animal studies must be interpreted carefully because

there are physiological differences between humans and other animals.

Which of the following occurs after completion of an experiment?

Scientists figure out if the findings support or disprove the hypothesis. Scientists seek to publish the results in scientific journals. Scientists summarize the findings.

Nutrition scientists conduct _____ epidemiological studies to obtain information about health conditions that may result from specific dietary practices.

Testimonial

Medical researchers must be cautious when applying the results of in vivo animal research to people because of the physiological differences between humans and other animals.

True

____ is a disease that was widespread in the United States during the early 1900s. People with this disease dealt with weakness, diarrhea, skin rashes, and mental confusion.

Pellafra