Chapter 2: Evaluating Nutrition Information

Before an article can be published, a critical analysis of the article is conducted by fellow research colleagues. This process is called

peer review

In vitro studies refer to

"in glass" studies

Pellagra

- a disease that was widespread in the U.S. during the early 1900's. people w/ this diseases dealt w/ weakness, diarrhea, skin rashes, & mental confusion - Joseph Goldberger discovered that this disease was related to diet rather than infection

The Dietary Supplement Health & Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 defines a supplement as a product that:

- contains 1+ dietary ingredients - adds to a person's dietary intake

A true nutrition expert....

1. has extensive college coursework in nutrition 2. has experience in the application of scientific methodology 3. is usually a registered dietician

A drug..

1. is a substance that alters body functions 2. may be natural or man made 3. may have beneficial as well as harmful effects

Nutrition misinformation, or nutrition fiction, ...

1. promotes purchase of special products 2. is widespread in our culture 3. uses personal testimonials

Cohort study

a type of epidemiological study where researchers observe a population & collect data over time

A(n) _______________ is a report of personal experiences.

anecdote

The majority of healthcare practices & products such as massage therapy, homeopathy, & chiropractic manipulations ___(are/ are not)__ accepted by the medical community.

are not

Observational epidemiological research includes

cohort studies & case- control studies

Nutrition scientists conduct ___________ studies to obtain information about health conditions that may result from specific dietary practices

experimental

Consumers are often unaware that the FDA evaluates supplements as __________, not __________

foods; medication

________ , _________, and _________ have blood thinning effect similar to aspirin.

ginseng, garlic, vitamin E

Intervention studies & observational studies can be 2 types of _____________ research.

human

Experiments using whole, living organisms are classified as _________ experiments.

in vivo

What herbal supplements are considered toxic or cancer causing?

kava, comfrey, sassafras

What are examples of alternative healthcare

massage therapy, chiropractic manipulation, homeopathy & naturopathy

Using a copper bracelet to treat arthritis is an example of ____________

quackery

Clinical dietetics, community nutrition, & food service systems management are 3 major professional divisions for ______________________.

registered dietitians nutritionist

A famous football player appears in an advertisement for a new sports drink & he endorses the use of this drink to enhance performance. This is called a _________________

testimonial

When someone with notoriety is paid for their endorsement of a product, this is called a _______________ & this is why it should not be considered valid.

testimonial

Which of the following involve human subjects? Select all that apply. a. observational studies b. experimental (intervention) studies c. in vitro studies

a & b

Which are examples of food/drug interactions? Select all that apply. a. bran working as a diuretic b. kava acting as a sedative c. ginseng increasing bleeding

b & c

Pseudoscience

presentation of information masquerading as factual and obtained by scientific methods - does not adhere to valid scientific methodology; uses vague or unprovable claims

Which CAM treatment is supported by some scientific evidence

probiotics in yogurt

The Framingham Heart Study is a well- known ____________ study.

prospective

Case- control study

type of epidemiologic study where individuals with a health condition are matched with individuals W/O the condition but with similar characteristics