Chapter 2

indoor relief

(pre-civil war period 1800-1860) hospitals, almshouses for the poor, orphanages, institutions were believed to be the way of eliminating social problems through rehabilitation of poor people and others deemed to have social problems

Dawes Act

1887 - dismantled American Indian tribes, set up individuals as family heads with 160 acres, tried to make rugged individualists out of the Indians, attempt to assimilate the Indian population into that of the American -90,000 american Indians were left homeless and american Indian children were forced to attend boarding schools

GI Bill

1944- gave benifits to to WW2 veterans including financial assistance for veterans wanting to go to college, buy a home, prefered treatment to veterans who wanted to apply for government jobs

Civil Rights Act of 1964

1964; banned discrimination in public acomodations, prohibited discrimination in any federally assisted program, outlawed discrimination in most employment; enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation; this and the voting rights act helped to give African-Americans equality on paper, and more federally-protected power so that social equality was a more realistic goal

Patient Protection and Affordable Care ACT (ACA)

2010 This is the health care reform law. Focuses on reform of the private health insurance market; providing better coverage for those with pre-existing conditions; improving prescription drug coverage in Medicare.

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

A federal regulation that requires all public and private employers with 50 or more employees within a 75 mile radius of a single location to allow 12 weeks of unpaid leave in a one year period to certain qualified full time workers. Family and medical leave may be taken for a broad range of qualifying reasons such as illness or disability of the employee or an immediate family member.

Head Start

A program funded by the federal government and designed to prepare children to start school; provides locally run child care to lower-income and disadvantaged children from birth to five years old

New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

Economic Opportunity Act

An economic legislation that created many social programs to help provide funds for youth programs antipoverty measures, small-business loans, and job training; part of the Great Society.

Charity Organization Societies (COS)

COS; scientific philanthtopy; individual assessment and coordination of service; personal deficits; Mary Richmond, during progressive era, "friendly visitors"

Social Security Act of 1935

Created both the Social Security Program and a national assistance program for poor children, usually called AFDC. most significant federal legislation to develop out of the Great depression and new deal

Aid to Families with dependent Children (AFDC)

Federal funds, administered by the states, for children living with persons or relatives who fall below state standards of need; abolished in 1996 The main form of individual welfare payments until the mid-1990s, when the program was reformed by the Clinton administration in an effort to promote individual responsibility and reduce government spending on social service programs.

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)

Government will not seek out children who arrive here illegally - Immigration policy introduced by Obama in 2012 granting certain undocumented immigrants who arrived in the US before the age of 16 years a stay of deportation and permitting them to work here legally

Medicare

Health care for aged; part of LBJ's Great Society program and War on Poverty. Lost much funding due to the Vietnam War. A federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Hired young, unemployed people to do restoration projects throughout the country, employed over 3 million people., temporary employment

Community Action Programs

Invited local communities to establish community action agencies (CAA's) to be funded through the office of economic opportunity; allowed poor to run antipoverty programs in their own neighborhoods.

War on Poverty

Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty in his 1964 State of the Union address. A new Office of Economic Opportunity oversaw a variety of programs to help the poor, including the Job Corps and Head Start.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

New Deal agency that helped create jobs for those that needed them. It created around 9 million jobs working on bridges, roads, and buildings., temporary employment

Americans with Disabilities Act

Passed by Congress in 1991, this act banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access to all public and commercial buildings.

progressive era

Period of reform from 1890s-1920s. Opposed waste and corruption while focusing on the general rights of the individual. Pushed for social justice, general equality, and public safety. Significant in this movement included trust-busting, Sherman Anti-trust Act, President Theodore Roosevelt, Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle", Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act of 1906.`

servicemen's readjustment act of 1944

President Franklin D. Roosevelt, passed this act in 1944, that provided veterans of the Second World War funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing. Promoted consumerism for returning Americans.

Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)

President George W. Bush's response to the economic crisis of 2008 A 2008 Federal government program that authorized the U.S. Treasury to loan up to $700 billion to critical financial institutions and other U.S. firms that were in extreme financial trouble and therefore at high risk of failure

Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act

Ryan White CARE Act; applies to all 50 states, mandates procedure EMS personnel can seek to find out if they have been exposed to potentially life threatening diseases while providing pt care; requires a "designated officer" responsible for gathering facts surrounding possible emergency responder exposures

Toynbee Hall

Settlement house movement began in London with it's establishment, inspired Jane Adams, macro level

Older Americans Act

The act was enacted in 1965 which established programs for the elderly in communities. For example it enabled communities to create senior centers and meals on wheels programs. That money had not been available to the states prior to that.

suffrage movement

The drive for voting rights for women that took place in the United States from 1890 to 1920.

unworthy poor

able bodied single adults and unmarried women with out-of-wedlock children, could work and were not doing so or they did not follow social norms

Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act

distributed funding for homeless shelters, health care, and job training, homeless children education

Elizabethan Poor Laws

earliest form legislated social welfare policy, passed in 1601 in England, first public legislation outlining a public response to social welfare needs -one key outcome from the colonial period was the belief that social welfare was a partnership between private care and public aid

Freedmen's Bureau

established by the federal government in 1865, provided temporary relief for newly freed slaves, managed abandoned and confiscated property, helped reunite families, provided medical supplies and food rations, and established institutions such as hospitals, schools, and orphanages, disbanded in 1872 - raised the question of what role the federal government should take in the creation of social welfare policy

Food Stamp Program

federally funded program that gives food coupons to low-income people based on income and family size

Civil Rights Movement

movement in the United States beginning in the 1960s and led primarily by Blacks in an effort to establish the civil rights of individual Black citizens

social insurance

one of the two main social welfare programs created by the Social Security Act, included Old-Age insurance and unemployment insurance

public assistance

one of the two main social welfare programs created by the Social Security Act, including old age assistance, aid to dependent children, and aid to the blind

settlement movement

reformers settled in a house in the middle of a poor neighborhood (settlement house) and from there offered community services like classes, child-care, clubs, and summer camps, their philosophy was in order to help the poor you must live with the poor, this movement energized the reform movement, progressive era, officially began in 1887 with the establishment of the Neighborhood Guild, different from COS because it focused on community and society

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)

replaced the AFDC program A federal welfare program that provides money to poor families. The state-federal program that provides direct cash payments to poor children and their families is

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA)

signed into law by Clinton in 1996, In 1996, this act transformed the welfare system in the U.S. It ended the federal guarantee of assistance to families with dependent children and allocated greater flexibility to the states in administering welfare. The act required the welfare recipient to work within 2 years, limited the time one can receive welfare to 5 years, required mothers to name the biological father of her children and seek child support from him, and permitted the welfare recipient to remain home to care for children only in two-parent families. This was significant because it promoted family stability and moved adults into the work force permanently.

Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)

the first federal economic relief agency to be established since the freedmen's bureau after the civil war, intended to be temporary until people became employed, direct relief

Medicade

the government insurance program for low-income individuals & familys that is funded both by the federal government & each individual state federal program created in 1965 to provide low cost health insureacne to poor americans of any age

devolution

the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states

worthy poor

widows, orphans, the elderly, disabled, circumstances of need were perceived to be beyond their control