Chapter 2 Lesson1-Lesson 7

An independent variable

is a condition or piece of data in an experiment that can be controlled or changed.

What is it called when dependent variables and independent variables in a data set either increase or decrease opposite from one another? A: Negative correlation B: Dependent variables C: Positive correlation D: Independent variables

A: Negative correlation

A dependent variable

is a condition or piece of data in an experiment that is controlled or influenced by an outside factor, most often the independent variable.

A scientist is designing an experiment with rats, and designates weight as the dependent variable. Why might this be the case? A: Because the weight will be influenced by an outside factor that the scientist controls. B: Because the weight will be the factor that the scientist controls. C: Because weight can easily be controlled by the scientist. D: Because weight cannot be controlled by the scientist.

A: Because the weight will be influenced by an outside factor that the scientist controls.

What is a condition or piece of data in an experiment that can be controlled or changed? A: Negative correlation B: Independent variable C: Dependent variable D: Positive correlation

B: Independent variable

All of the following statements are true about correlational research, EXCEPT: A: It examines relationships between two different items or events. B: It is not able to show negative relationships, or relationships that change in different directions. C: It shows when a relationship between two different items or events is nonexistent. D: It shows positive relationships, or relationships that change in the same direction.

B: It is not able to show negative relationships, or relationships that change in different directions.

A scientist plots data points from an experiment, and notices that the dependent variables and the independent variables in the data set are decreasing together. What kind of correlation have they discovered, and why? A: A negative correlation, because these describe situations where the dependent variables in a data set decrease. B: A negative correlation, because these describe situations where the dependent variables and the independent variables in a data set decrease together. C: A positive correlation, because these describe situations where the dependent variables and the independent variables in a data set increase or decrease together. D: A negative correlation, because these describe situations where the independent variables in a data set decrease.

C: A positive correlation, because these describe situations where the dependent variables and the independent variables in a data set increase or decrease together.

A scientist finishes an experiment, and concludes that there is a causal link between the independent variable and the dependent variable. Why might they come to this conclusion? A: Because they notice changes in the independent variable. B: Because they notice changes in the dependent variable. C: Because changes in the dependent variable appear to cause changes in the independent variable. D: Because changes in the independent variable appear to cause changes in the dependent variable.

C: Because changes in the dependent variable appear to cause changes in the independent variable.

How do you define cross-sectional research? A: Research studies that look at one individual or one group at one moment of time. B: Research studies that show positive relationships, or relationships that change in the same direction. C: Research studies that make a comparison of different groups at the same time. D: Research studies that look at one individual or one group over a period of time.

C: Research studies that make a comparison of different groups at the same time.

Research studies that look at one individual or one group over a period of time are called _____. A: cross-sequential research B: cross-sectional research C: longitudinal research D: case studies

C: longitudinal research

What is the difference between a cross-sectional study and a cross-sequential study? A: A cross-sectional study compares two groups at the same time, while a cross-sequential study compares more than two groups at the same time. B: A cross-sequential study compares two groups at the same time, while a cross-sectional study compares more than two groups at the same time. C: A cross-sequential study compares groups at the same time, while a cross-sectional study compares groups over a different period of time. D: A cross-sectional study compares groups at the same time, while a cross-sequential study compares groups over different periods of time.

D: A cross-sectional study compares groups at the same time, while a cross-sequential study compares groups over different periods of time.

How can a researcher increase the validity of a case study? A: By making accurate inferences about what is being observed. B: By making accurate hypothesis about what is being observed. C: By describing what is being seen and making a correlation with other studies. D: By describing only what is being seen and avoiding making inferences.

D: By describing only what is being seen and avoiding making inferences.

Causation

also known as cause and effect, is when an observed event or action appears to have caused a second event or action.

A positive correlation

describe situations where the dependent variables and the independent variables in a data set increase or decrease together

A negative correlation

is where the dependent variables and independent variables in a data set either increase or decrease opposite from one another.