Chapter 2 MindTap

The three subfields of the classical perspective include:

administrative management, bureaucratic organization, and scientific management.

"Try reorganizing your company. Make sure that all of the employees who are doing one kind of work report to the same manager. When companies have unity of direction, they are more efficient."

administrative principles

What is a drawback to a bossless workplace?

an increase in expenses for employee training

"W.B., you've owned the company for a long time, but have you ever considered hiring a professional manager to oversee day-to-day operations? Professional managers can help make sure that your company follows rational, impersonal rules, which will help you to increase efficiency."

bureaucratic management

You notice that when customers have too many choices, they are less likely to make a decision about what to buy, so you tell all of your employees to bring out only three things at one time. In addition, you start to pay your employees a commission for every item that they sell.

classical management theory

The idea that two parts of a system (or two systems) can combine to create something that is greater than the sum of their parts.

synergy

A manager who incorporated systems thinking would do which of the following?

Focus on qualities that accomplish performance of the whole.

If an industry is negatively affected by foreign governments that encourage anti-American sentiment, that would be considered a(n) _________ force.

political

These forces influence the organization through laws and the government.

political forces

"The best way to increase your workers' productivity is to carefully study their movements. Figure out the fastest way to get the job done correctly, then train all of the employees to do it that same way."

scientific management

Standardization of work and wage incentives are characteristics of:

scientific management.

The contingency viewpoint is also called the __________ approach.

situational

What is one current answer to the struggle to balance the "things of production" with the "things of humanity"?

social business

Companies that recruit using LinkedIn or investigate potential employees by looking at their Facebook pages are using this to communicate with people during their selection process.

social media programs

The process of managing suppliers and purchasers through the stages of obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers is called:

supply chain management

In a bossless workplace, employee accountability is to the __________.

team

The latest techniques for customer relationship management (CRM) rely on a sophisticated use of:

technology

A "dairy farm" view of management (i.e., contented cows give more milk so satisfied workers will give more work) was espoused by:

the human relations movement

Due to the demands of younger employees for changes in workplace culture and practices, the response has been to use the bossless workplace and to place a renewed emphasis on the humanistic approach.

true

Forecasting, scheduling, and break-even analysis are methods commonly used by operations management specialists.

true

Supply chain management refers to managing the sequence of and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to distributors.

true

The unwritten, common rules and perceptions about relationships among people and between employees and management refer to the social contract.

true

Which of Henri Fayol's principles of management refers to the situation in which a subordinate receives orders from one—and only one—supervisor?

unity of command

Which of the following hypotheses are contingency theories? Check all that apply.

- People with a high need for achievement are motivated by difficult tasks, while people with a low need for achievement are motivated by easy tasks - employees with engineering backgrounds will be more successful in companies where the CEO also has an engineering background than in companies where the CEO does not have an engineering background

Kendall is the manager at a local supermarket. She has observed that during busy shopping times it is difficult for two shoppers to look in the same area because the aisles are so close together. She has decided to use easily movable displays for some items that will allow the aisles to be widened, making shopping easier during busy times. Explain how Kendall is demonstrating systems thinking and the contingency view.

By making the displays movable she is using synergy and a case view, realizing that this situation is unique to her store.

With Fritz Roethlisberger, he conducted the Relay Assembly Test Room experiments at the Hawthorne Electric Plant.

Elton Mayo

Political forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.

False

Which is not considered a social media program?

e-business

Glenn Rink, founder of Abtech Industries, used the "drop back and punt" method when his product of oil-spill absorbing sponges was met with a cool response. He focused on small scale disasters while simultaneously building a reputation for offering low-cost alternatives to cleanup and pollution problems so that he eventually expanded his company globally. Differentiate the forces Rink used in managing his company.

He used social force and built his company's reputation with a quality product that people were able to trust.

Navid works in IT at a large hospital. He is managing a project to design software the company can use on its intranet allowing doctors within the organization to see patient information simultaneously. Relate how Navid is using management science to maintain up-to-the-minute, completely accurate records on patients.

His software is providing doctors relevant information in an accurate and timely manner.

Her background as a social worker informed her writings on reducing conflict in organizations—she stressed the idea that leaders must work with people rather than implementing a set of techniques.

Mary Parker Follett

Who is the originator of "the circles of causality"?

Peter Senge

According to Weber's ideas on bureaucracy, organizations should be based on which of these?

Rational authority

Brazil-based company Semco harnesses the wisdom of all its employees. It allows employees to control their work hours, location, and even pay plans. Employees also participate in all organizational decisions, including what businesses Semco should pursue. Identify whether Semco is using Theory X or Theory Y, and why that theory is being applied .

Semco is using Theory Y because it wants to utilize employee creativity and mental power.

As a manager, Olivia is discovering the need for building better communication between employees and customers at the small public relations firm where she works. Currently the firm uses email and takes phone calls from clients in order to communicate. Decide what Olivia can do to improve her firms' communication and collaboration with its cliental.

She can use social media to help her company add directly to the humanity of production.

The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above all.

Theory X

According to Douglas McGregor, the classical perspective on management is consistent with which of the following?

Theory X manager

External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means for bringing about effort toward organizational objectives. A person will exercise self-direction and self-control in the service of objectives to which he or she is committed.

Theory Y

__________ focuses on managing the total organization to deliver better quality to customers.

Total quality management (TQM)

When UPS became aware that third-party logistics services were a growing part of the business, managers realized they had to expand employees' mindsets and help them to see that UPS was both efficient and innovative and that the two were not incompatible. General Motors (GM) was the "ideal" model in a post-World War II environment, but by 2009 was bankrupt. Compare the way these two organizations made use of contemporary management tools.

UPS still emphasized efficiency, but also showed innovation by introducing the company's own cargo liner.

You notice that Roberto and Rachel make more sales when they offer suggestions to customers, while Rebecca and Rafael make more sales when they allow the customers to browse on their own. As a result, you encourage Roberto and Rachel to offer suggestions, and you encourage Rebecca and Rafael to let customers browse.

contingency theory

The idea that best management practices depend on the situation. What works in one situation may not work in a different situation.

contingency view

Using the latest technology to keep in close touch with customers is an application of:

customer relationship management

Forces that affect the availability, production, and distribution of a society's resources among competing users are known as __________ forces.

economic

Synergy is the technologies, skills, and processes used for searching and examining massive, complex sets of data.

false

This chart shows you when each part of a project will start and how long it will take to complete.

gantt chart

Jorge is the founder of a publishing company. He utilizes a management system where employees are emotionally invested in their jobs and are satisfied with their work conditions and feel a sense of belonging to the organization and its mission. He has also made it possible where many employees are able to work from home or other locations outside the office. Relate what Jorge has done at his company.

he is using a bossless workplace as well as employee engagement

Sevin manages an information technology (IT) department for an online retailer, and he soon realizes that to keep pace with evolving needs and technology, his company will need to increase the amount of money they currently spend on IT. Sevin is putting together a proposal for his boss, which predicts how the company can more efficiently collect data from online purchases and at the same time quickly distribute its goods to consumers. Choose which two technologies Sevin is using in his proposal.

he is using big data analytics and supply chain management

You make sure that when you hire new people, you get input from each of the existing team members. If they are happy with the new hire, they are more likely to make that person part of the team, and the team will sell more.

humanistic management theory

Broadly, this management philosophy emphasizes the importance of people in the organization.

humanistic perspective

A recent subfield of the quantitative perspective that is to provide relevant information to managers in a timely and cost-efficient manner is called:

information technology

The following are examples of social media programs except:

living social

A management perspective that applies mathematics, statistics, and other quantitative techniques to managerial problems is known as the __________ perspective.

management science

You carefully analyze the sales figures of each employee and compare the employee's salary with the amount of merchandise sold. You find that Rachel and Rebecca sell 80% of your merchandise, but Rafael is being paid almost twice the amount they receive. You decide to fire Rafael.

management science

Emerging shortly after World War II, this approach uses sophisticated mathematical modeling tools to solve management problems, especially those involving operations.

management science perspective