Chapter 2- Nutrition

The Dietary Guidelines apply to ______.

1.) older adults 2.) adolescents 3.) young adults

Estimated Energy Requirements take ______ into account when determining an individual's energy needs.

1.)weight 2.)age 3.)biologic sex 4.)physical activity

Physical activity recommendations for children and adolescents include

60 minutes of physical activity per day.

When there is not sufficient research evidence to set a precise RDA for a nutrient, a(n) ______ is set. This is the amount of nutrient intake assumed to be adequate based on the dietary intakes of people who appear to be maintaining nutritional health.

Adequate Intake (AI)

Which category of Dietary Reference Intakes sets a specific target for a nutrient that will reduce the risk for a specific disease?

Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes

The ______ is a generic nutrient standard used on food labels.

Daily Value

With reference to nutrient standards, DRI stands for

Dietary Reference Intake.

What Dietary Reference Intake is used to estimate the kilocalorie needs of an individual based on height, weight, age, biologic sex, and physical activity level?

Estimated Energy Requirement

True or false: The Nutrition Facts Label is updated about every two years.

False

______ are at the top of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, which indicates they should be eaten least frequently.

Meats and sweets

Which is true about the RDA?

The RDA recommends the amount of a nutrient that will meet the needs of about 98% of the population in a particular age/gender group.

What is the maximum chronic daily intake level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects in most all people?

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

Nutrient claims on food labels are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

True

Which food group covers half the plate providing dense sources of nutrients and phytochemicals?

Vegetables and fruits

A(n) ______ nutritional status occurs when body tissues have enough essential nutrients from a variety of foods to support metabolic functions.

adequate

Adults should participate in 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity ______ activity each week.

aerobic

Weight, skinfold thickness, body circumference are measures of

anthropometric data.

Educational level, living conditions, and economic status are part of the ______ assessment.

background

Comparing your ______ with your personalized food plan recommendations is a simple way to evaluate the quality of your overall eating pattern.

daily food intake

Calcium-rich foods are associated with the ______ group

dairy

For breakfast, Hassan consumes one cup of orange juice, one slice of whole-wheat toast, and an omelet with peppers, broccoli, and onion. What food group is he missing?

dairy

An optimal nutrition state can be achieved by following the ______.

dietary Guidelines

The Adequate Intake is based on the

dietary intakes of people that appear to be maintaining nutritional health.

Undernutrition occurs when nutrient intake

does not meet nutrient needs of the body.

When choosing a dietary supplement, avoid those for which the recommended dose would

exceed the UL for any nutrients.

Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, are linked to

excess calorie intake.

Which food practice makes up the base of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid?

fruits, vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, beans, nuts, legumes, and seeds

Which food group occupies slightly more than one-fourth of MyPlate?

grains

Vitamin or mineral toxicity is most likely to result from consuming

individual vitamin and mineral supplements.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020 - 2025 is the first edition of the Dietary Guidelines to include specific recommendations for

infants and toddlers.

Medical history is an important component of background factors needed to measure nutritional status. Medical history is important because ______.

it identifies any treatment of disease states that could be contributing to a decreased nutrient absorption.

Eating in ____ requires paying attention to portion sizes and planning your daily eating pattern.

moderation

Nutrient claims on food packaging

must follow legal definitions.

Another name for a heart attack is

myocardial infarction.

A food that is ______ has important nutrients but has limited calories, saturated fats, added sugars, or sodium.

nutrient-dense

The Nutrition Facts label must include saturated fat, trans fat, and ______ fat, all related to the fat content in the food.

total

Healthy eating and practicing a healthy lifestyle will be more successful if we evaluate an individual's ______.

total dietary pattern

Choosing a number of different foods within any given food group rather than eating the same thing day after day describes a component of a healthful diet known as ______.

variety

Which of the following are true about the RDA?

1.) A significant deviation (about 70%) below the required RDA for an extended period of time indicates risk of deficiency. 2.) The RDA serves as a standard to evaluate intake of specific nutrients.

Which of the following statements are consistent with advice from the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans?

1.) Adults should perform 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week. 2.) Children should engage in at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day.

Which of the following dinner menus cover all of the food groups illustrated by MyPlate?

1.) Bean burrito, lettuce, tomato salad with oil and vinegar dressing, a glass of milk, and an apple 2.) Bean burrito, lettuce, tomato salad with oil, vinegar dressing, a cup of yogurt, and an apple

Identify the dietary principles emphasized by the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid.

1.) Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. 2.) Use olive oil and other plant oils as the main sources of fat in the diet. 3.) Consume a variety of minimally processed foods.

Select background factors that are important to consider when conducting an evaluation of nutritional health.

1.) Economic status 2.)Medical history 3.)Social history 4.)Current medications 5.)Health literacy level

Which of the following accurately describe the Daily Value?

1.) It is used on the Nutrition Facts panel of food labels. 2.)It is based on a 2000-kcal diet. 3.) It is a generic standard.

What are the foundations of a healthy food plan?

1.) Meet your nutrient needs primarily from foods. 2.) Pay attention to portion size. 3.) Choose a variety of foods from all food groups.

When planning a diet to meet nutrient needs, which standards can be used?

1.) RDAs 2.) AIs

Which are true about the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes?

1.) These are nutrient recommendations aimed at reducing the risk for chronic diseases. 2.) These are a category of the DRIs.

What are some changes you can make to increase your intake of fruits and vegetables?

1.) Vary your vegetables to consume a rainbow of colors. 2.) Make half your plate fruits and vegetables. 3.) Focus on whole fruits.

What can occur when a blood vessel becomes blocked by cholesterol?

1.) chest pain 2.) heart attack

Choose examples of overnutrition.

1.) excess iron intake leading to stomach distress 2.) too much vitamin A intake during pregnancy

Assessing your current dietary pattern could help you

1.) identify inadequate intakes of micronutrients, such as calcium. 2.)identify inadequate intakes of MyPlate food groups, such as fruits or vegetables. 3.) evaluate your overall calorie intake compared to your estimated energy requirement.

Small changes a person can make to start creating a healthier eating style include

1.) making half your plate fruits and vegetables. 2.) making half your grains whole grains. 3.) moving to low-fat and fat-free dairy.

Moderation requires ______.

1.) paying attention to portion sizes of foods 2.) planning your daily eating pattern

Modified MyPlate food plans are available for ______.

1.) pregnant or breastfeeding mothers 2.) preschoolers 3.)weight loss

A healthful diet plan consists of which of the following?

1.) selecting a variety of foods from each food group 2.) paying attention to portion size 3.) meeting your daily nutritional needs from foods and beverages

An anthropometric assessment is used to assess the ______ of the human body.

1.) size 2.)composition (fat and muscle) 3.) shape

Overconsumption of _____ is often linked to chronic disease.

1.) sodium 2.) calories 3.) saturated fat

Identify the nutrition claims that may be questionable.

1.) testimonials about personal experience 2.)promises of dramatic and rapid results 3.) publications without peer review

Choose the factors that determine the correct amount of calories you should consume each day.

1.) weight 2.) height 3.) age

Which of the following are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

1.)Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) 2.)Adequate Intakes (AI) 3.)Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) 4.)Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)

Which of the following are appropriate uses of Dietary Reference Intakes?

1.)Planning a diet to meet nutrient needs. 2.)Assessing the nutrient intakes of a population 3.) Planning a diet for weight loss.

Which of the following characteristics of nutrition claims can serve as "red flags" that signal poor nutrition advice?

1.)Recommendations that promise a quick fix 2.)Claims that sound too good to be true 3.) Recommendations based on a single study

New rules for the Nutrition Facts label are designed to

1.)help consumers make informed decisions about the foods they eat. 2.)combat obesity. 3.) promote healthier eating.

Which of the following components are optional on the Nutrition Facts panel of a food label?

1.Magnesium 2.) Polyunsaturated fat 3.) Monounsaturated fat

Marty values his health, so he only snacks on granola bars that are fortified with vitamins and minerals. Each bar contains 40% of the Daily Value for vitamin A. If Marty consumes four of these snack bars each day, this will provide _____ % of the Daily Value for vitamin A.

160

Jon consumed 5 servings of popcorn while watching a movie. Each serving contained 40% of the daily value for sodium. He therefore consumed ______ % Daily Value for sodium from the bag of popcorn.

200

The Recommended Dietary Allowances, Adequate Intakes, Estimated Energy Requirements, Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, and the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes are different types of _______.

Dietary Reference Intakes

_____ is the nutritional state characterized by chronically inadequate nutrient intake that leads to failing health.

Undernutrition

A food that provides a lot of nutrients without a lot of calories is considered

nutrient dense.

"Our patented Fat Buster System is guaranteed to take 2 inches off your waistline in the first week!" This claim could be identified as suspicious because it

promises a quick fix.

What will my diet lack, if I eat healthy food choices from each food group, but I eat the same thing every day?

variety