Chapter 2 - PSY 3030

Diego is interested in examining the relationship between a person's attachment style and his or her relationship satisfaction. He finds 65 studies that have examined this topic. He combines the results of all these studies and calculates an effect size. His research is most accurately described as: - a meta-analysis. - a PsycWiki. - a review journal article. - a chapter in an edited book.

a meta-analysis.

Two biases of intuition discussed in the text are: - the present/present bias and the confederate bias. - being swayed by a good story and being persuaded by what comes easily to mind. - probabilistic thinking and nonintuitive thinking. - overconfidence bias and oversimplification bias.

being swayed by a good story and being persuaded by what comes easily to mind.

Asking questions to get the answers we want is known as: - confirmation bias. - overconfidence. - cherry-picking of evidence. - availability heuristic.

confirmation bias.

What does it mean that behavioral research is probabilistic? - Conclusions drawn from behavioral research are probably true. - Behavioral research requires the calculation of probability estimates. - Inferences drawn from behavioral research are not expected to explain all cases. - Behavioral research involves probability sampling.

Inferences drawn from behavioral research are not expected to explain all cases.

Angela reads about a study in which cell phone use is associated with migraine headaches. She says, "Well, that study is not valid because I use a cell phone more than anyone I know and I never get migraines." Based on her comment, Angela may be forgetting which of the following? - The study has been replicated. - The study did not properly define cell phone use. - Science is probabilistic. - Science is based on empiricism.

Science is probabilistic.

Edward believes that there are a lot of differences between men and women on a variety of different dimensions. He believes this because when he thinks about books that have been written on men and women, he can quickly recall only books that say men and women are different (e.g., Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus) and cannot recall any that say men and women are the same. His reliance on what comes to mind is an example of which of the following? - Cherry-picking of evidence - The availability heuristic - Confirmation bias - Overconfidence

The availability heuristic

Vanessa claims that she sleeps better when she falls asleep to music. She has a comparison group because she has noticed that she does not listen to music every night, only when she remembers to charge her iPod. She typically remembers to charge her iPod on nights when she is able to finish studying earlier. What problem do you see in Vanessa's reasoning about sleeping better to music? - There is no problem with Vanessa's reasoning. - Vanessa's belief that she sleeps better with music is not falsifiable. - Vanessa is biased because she sleeps in the same bed every night. - Vanessa may be sleeping better because she is less distracted by studying/going to bed sooner.

Vanessa may be sleeping better because she is less distracted by studying/going to bed sooner.

In which of the following scenarios should you be skeptical of an authority? - When they have conducted scientific research on the topic - When they have a scientific degree - When they based their opinions on their intuition - When they present all the evidence on a topic

When they based their opinions on their intuition

A psychiatrist is testing a drug that treats depression. He has given the drug to all his patients, and all of them have experienced a decrease in depressive symptoms. Although this is interesting, his experience is limited because he does not have: - a hypothesis. - a comparison group that did not receive the drug. - a reliable way to` measure depressive symptoms. - psychotherapy to supplement the drug.

a comparison group that did not receive the drug.