chapter 2

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

Of all of Earth's water, ________ percent is salt water. (3% is freshwater, we can only drink 1%)

97

Which factor has the greatest effect on soil building

climate

A continental shelf is an underwater extension of a ___________________

coastal plain

made up of icy dust particles and frozen gases

comet

What are three other objects that orbit the sun in the solar system

comets, asteroids, and meteoroids

The sun activates the water cycle by _______________ water from the surfaces of bodies of water

evaporating

A sudden earthquake as bent tectonic plates release tension is the result of ___________

faulting

Which internal process leads to earthquakes in places like California?

faulting

Desalination technology has been developed to resolve the problem of scarcity of _____________

freshwater

Which is most likely to have the greatest effect on a landscape

glacial erosion

More than two thirds of the Earth's freshwater is frozen as _______________ and ice caps

glaciers

The water that most people drink and use in their homes comes from

groundwater and aquifers

How does humidity affect the movement of water in the water cycle?

high humidity accelerates condensation and precipitation

About 70% of Earth's surface is part of the

hydrosphere

Where is Earth's freshwater supply located?

in glaciers, ice caps, lakes, streams, rivers, and underground

Where is 97 percent of the world's water found

in oceans

Desalination is most used

in places where freshwater is scarce

How does the sun drive the water cycle?

it evaporates water on earth's surface

Which is true about subduction

it involves an oceanic plate moving beneath a continental plate

Why is most of Earth's freshwater supply not available for consumption?

it is frozen in glaciers and ice caps

A major hurdle to desalination is

its cost

What are the outer planets (gas giant planets) because they are larger and more gaseous?

jupiter, saturn, uranus, and neptune

Why is landform a misleading term

landforms are also found underwater

Surrounding the inner core of Earth is another band also composed of iron and nickel called the _________________

liquid outer core

Landforms are natural features at the surface of the Earth's uppermost layer, known as the _______________

lithosphere

The Andes Mountains were created by the forces of _____________

subduction

_________________ is the physical process in which heavy oceanic plates slide under continental plates

subduction

A solar system consists of a group of planets revolving around the same _______

sun

What is at the center of the solar system

sun

How do seas, gulfs, and bays differ from oceans

they are partially enclosed by land

Why are gas giant planets sometimes referred to as "mini solar systems"

they have moons

Which of the following best describes the movement of planets, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids

they revolve around the sun

Earth's lithosphere consists of what?

Crust, continents, and ocean basins

What planets comprise the solar system and where are they located?

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are in orbit around the sun

What keeps the planets revolving around the sun?

The gravitational pull from the earth and the sun

The Earth's ______________, which is composed of 78 percent nitrogen, reaches over 348 miles (560 km) from the surface of the Earth

atmosphere

Which part of the biosphere provides oxygen

atmosphere

The three layers of Earth are?

core, mantle, and crust

Of Earth's three structural layers, the hottest is which?

core, which includes a solid inner core and a liquid outer core

lowest dry point on earth

dead sea

How does accretion cause continents to grow outward

debris from the levelling off of underwater mountains piles up

Pluto is considered to be a(n)

dwarf planet

_________ is the largest of the inner planets

earth

Which of the following is caused directly by plate tectonics

earthquakes

How does human activity impact the biosphere

humans can improve the biosphere by providing significant resources for the living things on Earth but also can kill those living things for their own needs

Lakes and rivers are part of the

hydrosphere

The _______________ includes all liquid and frozen surface water, ground water, and water vapor

hydrosphere

What are earth's water systems called

hydrosphere

In what way is the job of the astronomer similar to that of the geographer

mapping to organize information

Which four planets are closest to the sun (terrestrial planets)

mercury, venus, earth, and mars

smaller objects that orbit a planet

moons

highest point on earth

mount everest

Why might it be impossible for life to exist on neptune

neptune is extremely cold

Which of the following is part of the lithosphere

ocean basins

Earth is part of a larger ____________ system that contains other planets, moons, and stars

physical

What are moraines?

piles of rocky debris left left by melting glaciers

What orbits the sun

planets

The physical processes that create most of Earth's physical features, including mountains, are known as

plate tectonics

Most of Earth's freshwater is in _________ ice caps

polar

Rain, snow, and sleet are examples of

precipitation

How does the biosphere support life on Earth

provides water, oxygen, and other resources

a body that orbits a larger body

satellite

In what physical system does Earth exist

solar system

What does the expression "This year's rain is last year's snow" refer to?

the amount of water on earth does not change and is cycled in an unending process despite its changing physical state

Why doesn't the total volume of water in the water cycle change

the amount of water that evaporates is the same as the amount of water that falls back to Earth

In which part of the Earth's biosphere is Mt. Everest located

the atmosphere

Which layer of Earth includes Earth's surface

the crust

What drives the water cycle

the sun

What provides the energy that drives the water cycle?

the sun

Why would a geographer think understanding our solar system is important?

to understand how Earth fits into this system, much as how different areas of Earth fit together

What organisms might live in the hydrosphere

underwater living organisms such as fish and sharks

The total amount of __________ on Earth does not change, but it is constantly moving

water

The Grand Canyon was slowly created by what kind of external force?

water erosion

What causes rivers to swell as they flow toward a lake, gulf, sea, or ocean

water from tributaries

In condensation, warm air cools and

water vapor becomes liquid

Earth's surface is made up of 70 percent _________ and 30 percent __________

water; land

An example of an external force of change is

weathering

Wind and water movements, which are external forces that change the Earth's surface, involve two processes: ___________________

weathering and erosion

______________________ is an external force that is constantly changing the surface of Earth

weathering and erosion

What three areas of Earth work together so life in the biosphere thrives?

Hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere

Which natural landform joins two continents

Isthmus of Panama

earth's most visible landforms as seen from space are

continents

Earth's oceans are one huge, _______________ body of water

continuous

___________________________ are a source of freshwater

Aquifers, groundwater, rivers, lakes, and streams

Earth is one of the four

Terrestrial planets

What classifies our solar system's four inner planets as terrestrial?

They have solid, rocky crusts

Which of the following examples illustrates the difference between physical weathering and chemical weathering

a rock is broken into smaller pieces by physical weathering, but some cave formations are created by chemical weathering

Define continental shelf and explain where it is located

an extension of a continent; underwater

_________________ are small, irregularly shaped, planet-like objects found mainly between Mars and Jupiter

asteroids

Mt. Everest has such high altitudes that it is almost outside which part of the biosphere

atmosphere

The ______________ is the part of Earth where life exists

biosphere

The only layer of Earth that supports life is the _____________

biosphere

outside the _________, life can only exist with mechanical life-support systems

biosphere

Earth is slightly rounder around the ______ than the top and bottom

center

The process of _______________ occurs when water vapor in the air becomes cold and changes back into liquid, forming clouds

condensation

Scientists think that Pangaea separated due to what?

continental drift

an underwater extension of the coastal plain is the

continental shelf

What creates ridges and islands when plates spread apart

magma

Next to Earth's outer core is a thick layer of hot, dense rock called the __________

mantle

Which of Earth's layers is thickest?

mantle


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