Chapter 2 SmartBook

What are the branches of quantitative management?

- Evidence-based management - Operations management

Theory X and Theory Y focus on managers'

Attitudes

Systems that have continual interaction with their environment are known as ___ systems.

Open

Mary Parker Follett would agree with today's concept of _____.

Self-managed teams

Maslow's hierarchy of needs resulted from the study of ____.

What motivates people to perform

A supervisor who considers employees to be irresponsible and resistant to change would be characterized as a Theory ___ manager.

X

Which of these statements represent ideas that Peter Drucker introduced in his book The Practice of Management?

- A corporation can be thought of as a human community - Without customers, businesses wouldn't exist - Employees should be treated as assets

By adopting the systems viewpoint, you can visualize your organization as which of the following?

- A part of the larger environment - A collection of subsystems

What four disciplines are included in the behavioral science approach to management?

- Anthropology - Psychology - Sociology - Economics

Which individuals helped pioneer administrative management theory?

- Charles Clinton Spaulding - Henri Fayol - Max Weber

What should an individual consider learning about a company before going to a job interview?

- Company's core values and culture - Company mission and vision statements

What are Taylor's principles of scientific management?

- Evaluate a task by scientifically studying each part of it - Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task

Within the systems viewpoint, what four things are considered parts of a system?

- Feedback - Transformational processes - Outputs - Inputs

What are primary concerns of shared value and sustainable development?

- Global equilibrium - Social impacts - Environmental effects

What are the contemporary approaches to management?

- High-performance practices - Shared value and sustainable development - Learning organizations

A learning organization:

- Is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge - Actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself

What are issues with the classical viewpoint?

- It is overly mechanistic - It fails to account for the importance of human needs - It views humans as cogs in a machine

Which of the following are true about complexity theory?

- It is used in strategic management and organizational studies - It seeks to understand how organizations adapt to their environments - It recognizes that all complex systems are networks of many interdependent parts that interact according to certain simple rules - It is the study of how order and pattern arise from complicated, chaotic systems

Identify the two theorists who contributed the most to the human relations movement.

- McGregor - Maslow

Which of the following are the major parts of creating learning organizations?

- Modify behavior to use knowledge - Create and acquire knowledge - Transfer knowledge

According to the systems viewpoint, what are three types of inputs?

- People - Equipment - Money

Maslow's hierarchy of human needs proposes that people are motivated by which needs?

- Physiological - Esteem - Self-actualization - Safety - Love

According to Henri Fayol, what are the major functions of management?

- Planning - Organizing - Controlling - Leading

Operations management does which of the following?

- Plays an important role in managing the supply chain - Governs managers' decisions about how to increase productivity and efficiency - Assists managers with decisions regarding how to achieve the highest quality goods and services

What are the two branches of the classical viewpoint of management?

- Scientific - Administrative

Theory Y managers view workers as which of the following?

- Self-directed - Imaginative and creative - Accepting of responsibility

Select all of the positive features of bureaucracy according to Max Weber.

- Specialists for complex tasks - Merit-based careers - Clear hierarchy - Formal rules and procedures - Impersonality

According to the Hawthorne effect hypothesized by Mayo and colleagues, when did employees work harder?

- They believed supervisors paid special attention to them - They thought managers cared about their welfare - They received added attention

Which of the following are accurate regarding the importance of learning about a company's mission and vision statements before a job interview?

- You will be a better fit for a company if you support their mission and vision statements - These statements tell you what the company wants to achieve over time - These statements tell you why the company exists

What percentage of businesses has implemented strategies for sustainable development in 2017?

60%

McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y based on the realization that managers should _____.

Be aware of their attitudes toward employees

The _____ viewpoint places emphasis on the importance of understanding the actions of humans and the motivation and encouragement of employees toward achievement.

Behavioral

Which approach to management relies upon research in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics in order to develop theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers?

Behavioral science

Theory X and Theory Y underscore the idea that manager behaviors are impacted by their ____.

Beliefs

Max Weber said that a better-performing organization should have five positive ___ features including a clear hierarchy, formal procedures, clear division of labor, impersonality, and merit-based careers.

Bureaucratic

What is the focus of PRME?

Business education

A characteristic of a(n) _____ system is that it receives very little feedback from outside sources.

Closed

____ approaches to management include learning organizations, high-performance work practices, and sustainable development.

Contemporary

According to the ____ viewpoint, a management problem should be handled according to the individual and the environmental situation.

Contingency

Which management viewpoint asks the question, "What method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?"

Contingency

Frederick Taylor believed that more efficient workers should be paid higher wages than their lower-performing coworkers, a system referred to as the ____ system.

Differential rate

The original focus of the Hawthorne studies was the _____.

Effects of lighting levels on worker productivity

Renata is using the systems perspective to analyze her company. Which of the following should be included in her input analysis?

Equipment

_____ management encourages managers to make facts and logic the foundation of their approach to decision-making.

Evidence-based

Mary Parker Follett felt that managers should act as ____ rather than dictators.

Facilitators

Cheyenne has a small bakery specializing in gourmet cupcakes. In response to customer demand, she has added gluten-free cupcakes to her menu. This customer demand would be characterized as _____.

Feedback

The ___ studies are credited with drawing attention to the importance of the social nature of workers and the need for good human relations in fostering employee productivity.

Hawthorne

In order to follow Mary Parker Follett's concept of integration, a company should _____.

Hold meetings between managers and workers to solve problems in a mutually beneficial way

Who is known as the "father of industrial psychology" because of his revolutionary ideas on studying human behavior in workplaces?

Hugo Munsterberg

Maslow and McGregor focused on the study of ___ as it relates to increasing worker productivity.

Human relations

Scientific management is the study of work methods to improve the productivity of _____.

Individual workers

According to the systems perspective, transformational processes are responsible for turning

Inputs into outputs

James has a small bakery specializing in gourmet brownies. Based on the systems viewpoint, the flour, sugar, yeast, and eggs he uses in baking would be considered ____, whereas the decorated brownies he sells to customers would be considered _____.

Inputs; outputs

A system is a set of _____ parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.

Interrelated

The scientific approach to management emerged in the early 20th century when companies wished to increase work productivity to counteract ____.

Labor shortages

Theory X managers view workers as

Lacking ambition

A ____ organization actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge.

Learning

Today, the word bureaucracy is associated with inflexibility. But to Max Weber, a bureaucracy was an efficient and ideal organization based on principles of _____.

Logic

The classical viewpoint of management emphasizes ways to _____.

Manage work more efficiently

Peter Drucker is credited with providing the first modern handbook on the subject of _____.

Management

When Mary Parker Follett referred to the use of "communities" within an organization, she meant that ____.

Managers and subordinates should work together to solve issues

What is the major contribution of McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y to management?

Managers should understand how their beliefs affect their behavior

One issue with the classical viewpoint is that it tends to view humans as cogs in a machine, thereby rendering it overly ____.

Mechanistic

Charles Clinton Spaulding, one of the pioneering theorists of administrative management, proposed eight _____ of management based in part on his childhood experiences working at his father's fields.

Necessities

____ management focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively.

Operations

In terms of the systems viewpoint, profits and losses are types of _____.

Outputs

The field of industrial ___ (the study of human behavior in the workplace) is based on Hugo Munsterberg's theories.

Psychology

The application of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations, to management is called ____ management.

Quantitative

As a pioneer of administrative management, Max Weber contended that bureaucracies were

Rational

Evidence-based management focuses on bringing ____ to the decision process.

Rationality

The Hawthorne studies are credited with drawing attention to the importance of people as _____.

Social beings

The management approach of ____ was one of the first to recognize that enriching the lives of organizational and community family was just as important as a company making a profit?

Spaulding

Organizations that prioritize creating shared value are not only concerned with their shareholders but also with their ____.

Stakeholders

Based on a systems viewpoint, the health science, finance, and journalism departments of a university are examples of _____.

Subsystems

The various parts that make up a complete system are commonly known as

Subsystems

Shared value and ____ development consider environmental and social effects of business as well as profit.

Sustainable

An open system fosters the idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. This is known as ____.

Synergy

Henri Fayol is credited with being the first person to ____ management behavior.

Systematize

Complexity theory is an offshoot of the ___ viewpoint because it is the study of how multiple chaotic processes arise into pattern and order.

Systems

The behavioral management viewpoint emphasized

The importance of understanding human behavior and motivating employees to achieve

Frederick Taylor created the scientific management system after studying _____.

The physical motions workers used while doing a task

Administrative management is concerned with managing ______.

The total organization

According to the systems viewpoint, the part of a system that involves turning raw materials and knowledge into a new and different product or service is called _____.

Transformational processes

T/F: Frederick Taylor is associated with the scientific management approach to management.

True

What organization launched the PRME?

United Nations

If you believe your employees are capable of taking on responsibility with sufficient self-direction and self-control, you are a Theory __ manager.

Y