Chapter 2 Terms & Learn Smart

characteristics of telecommuting

* 30-40% telecommute for part of a job * enhanced productivity and retention * decreased absenteeism * enhanced retention

select ways to reduce cognitive dissonance

*change your attitude or behavior *find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones *belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior

Personal Attitudes

Specific Via intentions Targeted

Personal Values

Variously Global Broad

equity

monitor employees' perception of fairness

perceived stress

negative association with employee engagement

an individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting and the thought process that encapsulates this are called

withdrawal cognitions

when an employee enjoys the work being done and has a positive attitude, which of the following will be true?

*the employee will be more agreeable to working harder *the employee will be more open to taking on greater burdens or more work.

characteristics related to OCB

*they promote the firm's productivity *they are voluntary

met expectations

Meet expectations of employees about what they will receive from job

select the person factors that contribute to employee engagement

Personality Human and social capital positive psychological capital

perceived behavior control

The perceived ease or difficulty of performing the behavior, assumed to reflect past experience or anticipated obstacles

commitment

a force that binds an individual to a course of action of relevance to one or more targets

Phychological Contract

a person's perception about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange between him or herself and another

Flextime

a policy of giving employees flexible work hours so they can come and go at different times, as long as they work a set number of hours.

subjective norm

a social factor representing the perceived social pressure for or against the behavior.

Values

abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations

components of overall attitude

affective cognitive behavioral

telecommuting

allows employees to do all or some of their work from home using advanced technology and internet tools to send work

job satisfaction

an affective or emotional response toward various facets of one's job

withdrawal cognitions

an individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting and the thought process that encapsulates this are called

Workplace Attitudes

an outcome of various OB-related processes, including leadership

Determinants of Intention

attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control

motives that influence intention

attitude toward the behavior subjective norm perceived behavior control

counterproductive work behavior

behavior that harms other employees, the organization as a whole or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders

talking to team members working on a class project about solutions to obstacles can increase perceived ________ control and create positive intentions about doing the work

behavioral

cognitive

beliefs or ideas that one has about a given object or situation

in Schwartz's value theory, values are organized into two

bipolar dimension

Withdrawal Cognitions

capture this thought process by representing an individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting

a force that binds an individual to a course of action of relevance to one or more targets is ______

commitment

hiring people whose personal values align with the organization's is a good way to increase employee

commitment

examples of organizational citizenship behavior

constructive statement about the departments respect for the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules expression of personal interest in the work of others suggestions for improvement training of new people

the fact that at work some coworkers remain satisfied in situations where others always seem dissatisfied is the idea behind

disposition/genetic components.

when people express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during a role performance, they are demonstrating.

employee engagement

Gallup has estimated that when employees are highly _____________ it can achieve 12% higher customer satisfaction and loyalty ratings

engaged

affective

feeling or emotions that one has about a given object or situation

______________ is when an organization gives employees flexible work hours that allow people to come and go at different times as long as they work an expected number of hours and can be used to increase employee commitment

flextime

examples of counterproductive work behavior

gossiping bullying drug and alcohol abuse theft destroying firm property backstabbing deliberately poor or incorrect work internet surfing for personal reasons excessive socializing tardiness sabotage sexual harassment

counterproductive work behavior (CWB)

harms other employees, the organization as a whole, and/or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders

job satisfaction

has a positive association with behavioral outcomes like job performance and OCB

disposition

hire employees with an appropriate disposition

behavioral

how one intends or expects to act toward someone or something

organizational citizenship

individual behavior that is discretionary and not part of a formal reward system and promotes the effective performance of the firm

organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization

Role modeling desired behaviors is an effective way to impact the _______ of others and increase ___________ norms about doing work

intentions and subjective norms

the positive outcomes of job satisfaction include

job involvement motivation

Counterproductive work behavior has a strong negative relationship with

job satisfaction

Turnover has a moderately strong, negative relationship with

job satisfaction

Workplaces attitudes result from OB-related processes such as __________

leadership

low job satisfaction and low employee engagement imply lower task performance and higher employee turnover which demonstrates the ______ between two of the four key workplace attitudes and other desired outcome

link

The difference between what an individual expects to receive from a job and what he or she actually receives is called

met expectations

which of the following are positively associated with organizational support in firms?

more commitment to the organization less tendency to resign better job satisfaction employee engagement

Attitudinal outcomes of job satisfaction

motivation job involvement, withdrawal cognitions, perceived stress

methods to boost job satisfaction

need fulfillment met expectations value attainment equity disposition

________ are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior

needs

Bullying

occurs when an individual experiences a number of negative behaviors repeatedly over a period of time.

Ways employee engagement can be increased

offering career and developmental opportunities for employees listening and communicating effectively recognizing people for good work organizing framework is positively oriented

According to Shwartz's theory, and employee who values tradition will not want to work:

on a holiday

elements of bipolar dimension

openness to change conservation

workplace attitudes managers pay attention to

organizational commitment job satisfaction employee engagement perceived organizational support

the idea that we are motivated by the norm of reciprocity is the basic premise of

perceived organization

when a work environment generally matches an employee's values, the which of the following are at their greatest?

positive employee attitudes employee motivation

according to Ajzen, someone's intention to engage in a given behavior is a strong _________ of that behavior

predictor

when you motivate an employee, you are taking part in which type of process?

psychological

Perceived organizational support is related to low tendency to _______ among employees.

quit

job satisfaction

reflects the extent to which a person likes his or her job

Perceived Organizational Support (POS)

reflects the extent to which employees believe their organization values their contributions and genuinely cares about their well-being

psychological contracts

represent an individual's perception about the reciprocal exchange between him or herself and another party

Managers track the four key workplace attitudes because they

represent important outcomes they are working to enhance. link to other outcomes managers will want to improve

Attitudes

represent our feelings or opinions about people, places, and objects and range from positive to negative

met expectations

represent the difference between what an individual expects to receive from a job, such as good pay and promotional opportunities, and what he or she actually receives

cognitive dissonance

represents the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions (ideas, beliefs, values, or emotions)

which value is likely to be strongest in people who lived during the Great Depression

security

Schwartz's first bipolar dimension includes

self-transcendence and self-enhancement

openness to change elements

stimulation self-direction

negative outcomes of job satisfaction

stress withdrawal

Select the situation factors that drive employee engagement

stressors job characteristics leadership

value attainment

structure the job and its rewards to match employee values

Equity theory

that managers must interact with employees and monitor their treatment is the basic premise of this theory

value attainment

that satisfaction results from the perception that a job allows for fulfillment of an individual's important work values

attitude toward the behavior

the degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior in question

organizational commitment

the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goal it exists to the degree that an employee's personal values match the values present in a firms culture

job involvement

the extent to which an individual is personally engaged or dedicated to a job

employee engagement

the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles: when people express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during a role performance, they are demonstrating.

Which of the following are true about values

they can guide behavior subconsciously the are generally stable

understanding workplace attitudes is valuable for which of the following reasons

they predict likely behavior

which of the following is true about attitudes?

they range from positive to negative

Values remain mostly stable across

time and situations

In Schwartz's theory, which of the following values are dimensions of conservation?

tradition conformity security

conservation elements

tradition security

Job satisfaction and performance are moderately related

true

perceptions of organizational support can be either positive or negative

true

hiring people who fit within a firm's culture is a good way to tackle the problem of employee

turnover

need fulfillment

understand and meet employee needs

Employee engagement feeling components

urgency focus intensity enthusiasm

To achieve ___________, managers should structure work and its associated rewards to reinforce employees' values

value attainment

which of the following can be conflicting cognition under the definition of cognitive dissonance

values ideas beliefs emotions

select all the job dimensions in the JDI tool developed at Cornell University

work pay promotion coworkers supervision