Chapter 2 The Biological Perspective

neuroplasticity

What is the process whereby the structure and function of brain cells change in response to trauma, damage, or even learning?

cortex

What part of the brain can sometimes be referred to as the "rind" or outer covering?

negatively

When a neuron's resting potential is occurring, the neuron is __________ charged on the inside.

thalamus

Which brain structure relays incoming sensory information?

endorphins

Which of the following is associated with pain relief?

fMRI

Which of the following techniques analyzes blood oxygen levels to look at the functioning of the brain?

the importance of some social stimuli

Although oxytocin has been tied to a variety of prosocial behaviors such as "love" and "trust," some researchers believe that in humans, it may actually work to increase ___________.

diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

Dr. Roll is conducting a research study. She wants to measure the physical connectivity in the research participants' brains by imaging their white matter. Which of the following methods will she use?

the reflex arc.

If you touch a hot stove, your spinal cord can prompt you to withdraw your hand without having to send the message all the way to the brain. This is due to

EEG

If you were suffering from neurological problems and your neurologist wanted to have a study done of your brain and its electrical functioning, which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?

amygdala

If you were to develop a rare condition in which you were not able to remember to be afraid of certain situations, animals, or events, which part of the brain would most likely be damaged?

occipital

In which of the following lobes of the brain would you find the primary visual cortex?

synapse

Neurotransmitters must pass from an axon terminal to the next dendrite by crossing a fluid-filled space called the

compensation

Of the following, which is not one of the stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

natural killer (NK)

Part of the human immune system is the presence of ________ cells, whose primary function is to suppress viruses and destroy tumor cells.

afferent neurons.

The neurons of the sensory pathway contain

agonist

The venom of a black widow spider acts as a(n) __________ by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine.

electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)

Which of the following techniques involves passing a mild current through the brain to activate certain structures without damaging them?

sympathetic division

Which of the following would be active if you have just had an automobile accident?

generating action potentials

Which one of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?

axon

Which part of the neuron carries messages to other cells?

Wernicke's aphasia

You have a dream in which you wake up to find that people around you are using words that make no sense. What's more, your friends don't seem to understand you when you speak. At one point in your dream, your mom tells you that you almost forgot your tree limb today. When you give her a puzzled look, she holds up your lunchbox and repeats, "You know, your tree limb." Your predicament in your dream is most like which of the following disorders?

pancreas

Your friend Melissa has suffered from diabetes for her entire life. She regularly tests her blood to make sure her sugar levels are not too high or low. Which gland in her endocrine system is responsible for regulating her blood sugar?

motor; somatic

Yvonne's ability to reach for and pick up her book is largely due to the functions of the _________ pathway of the _____________ nervous system.