Chapter 2 The Evolution of Management

An example of a company's standard operating procedure is

A compulsory practice of employees cleaning their work areas at the end of each day.

An example of a rule is

A general mandatory guideline requiring all employees to leave their work machines in good working order.

When an organization ignores the external environment and fails to acquire inputs, it is likely to experience

Entropy.

In the context of management, rules refer to

Formal written instructions that specify actions to be taken under different circumstances.

In an organization, rules are

Formal, written instructions to achieve specific goals.

Mary Parker Follett's primary criticism of Taylor's system of scientific management was that Taylor

Was ignoring the human side of the organization and did not allow workers to exercise initiative and contribute to the organization.

In an organization that follows Weber's principles of bureaucracy, positions are arranged

Hierarchically.

What practice was advocated by Mary Parker Follett?

Workers should be allowed to exercise initiative in their everyday work lives.

Tayler is an engineer at an assembly plant for an auto company. Tayler receives orders from and reports to both his department manager and his project manager. This violates Fayol's principle of

Unity of command.

Paolo is a manager for a small business. He wants his five subordinates to have positive working relationships and he wants to create a welcoming office environment. To encourage socializing and to motivate his staff to meet organizational goals, Paolo invites his subordinates to lunch once a week. Within a few weeks, Peter sees an increase in performance and improved collaboration among the staff members. This demonstrates the use of

Behavioral management.

________ refers to a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness.

Bureaucracy

________ refers to the concentration of authority at the top of the organizational chart instead of being distributed throughout the managerial hierarchy.

Centralization

________ refers to a system of task and authority relationships that controls how employees use resources to achieve a company's goals.

Organizational structure

Frederick Taylor believed that written rules and standard operating procedures

Standardized and simplified jobs, making them more efficient.

Tae Min feels that it would be unfair to his team and his company to take a sick day to sleep in. He understands Fayol's principle of

Subordination of individual interests to the common interest.

According to Henri Fayol, initiative refers to

The ability to act on one's own without direction from a superior.

Henri Fayol's principles of management are

The bedrock on which much of recent management theory and research is based.

Employees at Southwest Airlines have highly flexible job descriptions that enable them to chip in and help where needed. Employees are encouraged to help solve problems where they see them. Thus, it's not uncommon to see a Southwest manager helping move passenger luggage into aircraft or check in passengers at a gate. This demonstrates the concepts in

Theory Y.

If a manager designs the organizational hierarchy based on the characteristics of the organizational environment, he is acting in accordance with ________ theory.

Contingency

Northeast Woodworking is a small business run by skilled workers who produce customized and hand-manufactured furniture. This company engages in ________ production.

Crafts

A drawback of management information systems is that they provide information only about an organization's internal environment, and not the external environment.

False

According to Fayol's principles of management, workers should be given more job duties to perform with less responsibility for their work outcomes.

False

Fayol recommended the use of organizational charts to show the position and duties of each employee in the organization.

True

Managers who accept the assumptions of Theory Y

Create a work setting that encourages commitment to organizational goals.

In a bureaucracy, a manager's formal authority derives from

The position the manager holds in the organization.