Chapter 2: Transplantations and Borderlands

True or False: Because Protestants were outnumbered by Catholics in Maryland, its founders established a policy of religious toleration that assured freedom of worship to all Christians.

False

True or false: The colonies in Connecticut were established to promote religious tolerance and freedom.

False

Which of the following are true regarding the use of indentured servants and African slaves in early Virginia?

Most indentured servants were English immigrants, and, at first the colonists may have expected the Africans to be freed after a term of service.

The Pilgrims at Plymouth benefited from local Indian assistance in which of the following ways?

The Indians showed the settlers how to cultivate corn, how to hunt and provided the Pilgrims with furs.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about life on Plymouth Plantation?

The Pilgrims developed a profitable trade in fish and furs.

Which of the following statements regarding the Massachusetts Bay Company is not correct?

The organizers received a grant for an area almost identical to the present-day Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Jamestown

first colonial settlement of the London Company in North America

Massachusetts Bay Company

group of Puritan merchants in England who organized a new colonial venture in America

Why did the settlers of the Maryland colony promote religious tolerance?

They could not adequately populate the colony with only English Catholics.

Which of the following was a result of Bacon's Rebellion?

increased reliance on black slaves for labor

James Oglethorpe

Veteran British general who spearheaded the founding of Georgia

The Plymouth colony survived in large part due to assistance from the:

Wampanoags.

The first governor of Plymouth Plantation was:

William Bradford

Which of the following was a major factor in the inability of early settlers to build a real community in Jamestown?

Women had not been recruited for the expedition.

Quakers

a Protestant sect that called themselves the Society of Friends and believed that all could attain salvation by cultivating their inherent divinity

antinomianism

a belief that salvation comes from God's grace alone and not from good works

In order to grow tobacco on a large scale, the British:

needed more farmland, and had to draw on Indian expertise.

What was one major difference between tidewater and backcountry landowners in mid-seventeenth-century Virginia?

policy towards natives

Where was the Mayflower Compact drawn up?

aboard the Pilgrims' ship

William Penn

an outspoken Quaker who led the colony of Pennsylvania after receiving a royal land grant

In 1624, the Virginia Company:

became defunct.

Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between the Puritans and local Indians at Plymouth are correct?

After the first autumn harvest, settlers and natives joined together in a festival that later became known as Thanksgiving, and trade and other exchanges with the Puritans were attractive to the natives.

Which of the following was a major contributing factor to the "starving time" in Jamestown?

An Indian barricade kept colonists from moving inland.

What was the result of the treaty in which the English agreed not to settle west of of the Blue Ridge Mountains?

As the result of population growth, the English broke their promise.

Which of the following events were part of Bacon's Rebellion?

Bacon led his troops to Jamestown to fight the governor, and Bacon's troops drove the governor into exile and burned much of the city.

Powhatan

Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father of Pocahontas

Anne Hutchinson

critic of the clerical doctrine of grace who sparked the Antinomian heresy that challenged the spiritual authority of established clergy

The Maryland colony was the vision of:

George Calvert

Bacon's Rebellion was part of a continuing struggle to determine:

Indian and white spheres of influence in Virginia.

Which of the following best describes the headright system?

It was an effort by the Virginia Company to entice new workers to the colony.

Which statement explains how Bacon's Rebellion spurred the rise of slavery in Virginia?

Landed elites imported more slaves because they feared growth among the white lower classes.

Which of the following was a serious problem for the settlers at Jamestown?

Many colonists became sick because they lacked prior exposure to malaria and other local diseases.

Which best describes a reason for the demise of the Virginia Company?

Nearly 80 percent of its settlers had died.

Which statement about Pocahontas is correct?

She was kidnapped by the English and eventually married and had a son with an Englishman.

Who among the following dominated Virginia politics as a royal governor of Virginia for more than thirty years?

Sir William Berkeley

Which statement regarding John Smith's role at Jamestown is NOT correct?

Smith refused to work with or learn from the Indians.

The first settlers to Maryland established the village of:

St. Mary's

The backcountry gentry most resented Berkeley's:

refusal to allow settlers to move farther west.

During the early history of Jamestown, power in the region was held by:

the Powhatan Confederacy

indentured servants

the condition of being bound to an employer for a specific period of time, usually in exchange for the cost of passage to a new land; the labor practice was most commonly used in Britain's American colonies

From 1624 until 1776, which of the following controlled the colony of Virginia?

the crown

George Calvert

the first Lord Baltimore who, with his son Cecilius Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore, was instrumental in the founding of Maryland

Virginia House of Burgesses

the first elected legislature in what would become the United States

King Philip's War

the most prolonged and deadly encounter between whites and Indians in the seventeenth century

Which of the following established stability in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

the prevalence of families

William Berkeley

the royal governor of Virginia during Bacon's Rebellion

Cecilius Calvert

the second Lord Baltimore who, with his dad George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, was instrumental in the founding of Maryland

Native Americans helped white settlers survive in the New World, but tensions soon developed due to which of the following?

the white colonists' view of the natives as a threat to creating a godly community, and the white colonists' appetite for colonial expansion

Why did the Puritans sign the Mayflower Compact?

to establish a government for themselves

Virginia's first profitable crop was:

tobacco

Which of the following most increased the demand for slave labor in Virginia?

tobacco farming

Upon assuming leadership, Chief Powhatan's brother focused on:

trying to force the English to depart the region.

Pequot War

war in Connecticut during 1637 between English settlers and Indians of the region

John Smith

English world traveler and writer whose leadership helped the Jamestown colony survive

John Winthrop

Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company who dominated colonial politics

Which of the following were the aims of George Calvert in seeking to establish the Maryland colony?

He wanted to establish a haven for English Catholics, and he wanted to create a profitable real estate venture.

Which of the following best describes Nathaniel Bacon?

He was an aristocrat who led a revolt of backcountry men.

For which of the following reasons did the Pilgrims choose Plymouth as a site for their settlement?

It lay outside the London Company's territory, and it was too late in the year to sail farther south.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Massachusetts Bay Company?

It was established by a charter granted by Charles I.

Which of the following two factors were crucial in the survival of the Jamestown colony?

John Smith's efforts to impose work and order, and help from the Powhatans

In 1630, ______ commanded an expedition of 17 ships and 1,000 people bound for New England, the largest single migration of its kind in the seventeenth century.

John Winthrop

Who became leader of the Powhatans after Chief Powhatan died?

Opechancanough

The first Pilgrim settlement in Massachusetts was known as:

Plymouth Plantation.

Which best describes the ratio of Catholic settlers to Protestants in Maryland?

Protestants outnumbered Catholics.

As Berkeley expanded his powers in the colony, which of the following occurred?

Recent settlers in the frontier were underrepresented in the House of Burgesses.

Which of the following statements about the Hartford and New Haven colonies is not correct?

The Fundamental Articles of New Haven in 1639 guaranteed religious freedom.

Which of the following best explains what John Winthrop meant by a "city upon a hill"?

The Massachusetts settlers viewed themselves as an example to the world.

Which statement regarding the Puritans' emigration from England is not correct?

The Puritans sought to find a colony where all people would be free to worship as they wished.

Which best explains the connection between tobacco and territorial expansion in the Chesapeake area?

The profitability of tobacco crops spurred demand for more land.

Which best describes the outcome of Bacon's Rebellion?

The rebels were about to seize power when Bacon suddenly died.

Which describes the extraordinary circumstances that occurred at Jamestown in May 1610?

The settlers were in the process of evacuating when another vessel arrived with supplies.

Which of the following were among the reasons the Puritan Separatists from England chose to leave their new home in Holland?

Their children began to drift away from their church, and they could only obtain jobs that paid poorly.

Which of the following accurately characterize the religious views of Massachusetts Puritans?

They were pious and serious, favored thrift and hard work, and regarded material success as evidence of divine favor.

True or False: The strict rules and laws of the Massachusetts Bay colony produced a wave of critics who eventually left it to establish new colonies.

True

The survival of the Jamestown settlement was, in large part, due to:

agricultural techniques developed by the Indians and borrowed by the English.

What is an indenture?

a contract that binds someone to work for set period of time

theocracy

a form of government in which political power is believed to derive from a deity, and in which religious and government structures are intertwined

headright system

a grant system that allowed new settlers to acquire fifty acres of land in a variety of ways

Which of the following caused Maryland to modify its land grant procedure and adopt a headright system?

a labor shortage

Bacon's Rebellion

a major conflict in Virginia pitting the ruling gentry class against black and white laborers and black slaves seeking greater freedoms and opportunities that resulted in a sharper definition between Indian and white spheres of influence

Which of the following are ways in which the Virginia Company enticed people to move to Jamestown?

by offering stock to those who paid for their passage, and by offering free passage to the poor, who then worked off the debt

Dominion of New England

colonial entity formed when James II combined the government of Massachusetts with the government of the rest of the New England colonies and, later, also included New York and New Jersey

Jacob Leisler

colonist who raised a militia in 1689 and proclaimed himself the head of government in New York

Roger Williams

controversial young minister who established the Rhode Island colony where people of different faiths could worship without interference

During her captivity, Pocahontas:

converted to Christianity

Mayflower Compact

document that the Pilgrims signed to establish a government for themselves

Plymouth Plantation

first pilgrim settlement in Massachusetts

Thanks to a new charter granted in 1609 by James I, the Virginia Company had:

greater land and power over the colony.

slave codes

laws passed in the British colonies or in American states granting white masters absolute authority over the enslaved; these included laws depriving slaves of property, free movement and legal defenses

Metacom

leader of an attempt by Indians in seventeenth-century New England to drive out English settlers and resist encroachment on their land

For a time, Rhode Island was the only English colony in America where:

members of all faiths (including Jews) could worship freely.

Which of the following was a way new settlers could receive headrights from the Virginia Company?

paying for the passage of another settler

middle grounds

places where European and Indian cultures interacted and where neither side had a military advantage

One indirect result of Bacon's Rebellion was passage by the Virginia General Assembly of:

slave codes

Which of the following were significant elements of Maryland's and Virginia's agricultural economies by the end of the seventeenth century?

slave labor, the headright system and tobacco cultivation

The Puritans were called "Separatists" because they:

sought to separate from the Church of England.

The government of the early Massachusetts Bay colony is best described as a:

theocracy.

Navigation Acts

three acts that Parliament passed to regulate colonial commerce

Which of the following clashes intensified during Bacon's Rebellion?

tidewater planters versus backcountry farmers, lower classes versus the aristocracy, landless versus landowning, and whites versus Indians

What was the main point of contention between backcountry and tidewater Virginians?

westward expansion