Chapter 2 - Understanding Operating System Configurations

In Windows 10, four UAC settings are available through Control Panel what are they?

- Always notify me: The user is always prompted when changes are made to the computer and the desktop is dimmed. - Notify me only when apps try to make changes to my computer (default): When a program makes a change, a prompt appears and the desktop dims. Otherwise, the user is not prompted. - Notify me only when apps try to make changes to my computer (do not dim my desktop): When a program makes a change, a prompt appears and the desktop does not dim. - Never notify me: UAC is off.

To run Hyper‐V, you need the following:

- Windows 10 Professional, Enterprise, or Education (64‐bit) edition - A 64‐bit processor that incorporates second level address translation (SLAT) technology - A minimum of 4 GB of memory (running more than one VM at a time requires more

Domain

A group of computers and devices on a network that are administered as a unit with common rules and procedures

What are the 3 types of user accounts in windows 10?

Administrator standard user guest

Allow wake timers:

Allows a system to be woken up from sleep mode to perform tasks at certain times, such as Windows updates.

Wireless Adapter Settings: Power Savings Mode:

Allows you to control power by selecting one of the following options: Maximum Performance, Low Power Saving, Medium Power Saving, and Maximum Power Saving.

Which default libraries are included with Windows 10?

Camera roll music saved pictures documents pictures videos

Windows Memory Diagnostic:

Checks your computer's memory to see whether it is functioning properly.

iSCSI Initiator:

Configures advanced connections between storage devices on a network.

Component Services:

Configures and administers Component Object Model (COM) components. Component Services is designed for use by developers and administrators.

Screen fonts are usually measured in

DPI - Dots per inch -You can enhance the appearance of your desktop by adjusting font size dpi to improve the readability of pixelated or illegible fonts.

Allow Hybrid sleep

Enables Hybrid sleep mode

Hyper‐V includes three types of virtual switches:

External: Creates a virtual switch that binds to the physical network adapter. This enables your VMs to access your physical network. Internal: Creates a virtual switch that is used only by the VMs that run on the physical computer and between the VMs and the physical host computer. Private: Creates a VM that can only be used by the VMs running on the computer.

When you create virtual machines in Hyper‐V, you have to choose one of the two virtual machine generations:

Generation 1: Provides the same virtual hardware used in older versions of Hyper‐V. Generation 1 VMs support 32‐bit and 64‐bit guest operating systems. Generation 2: Provides new functionality on a virtual machine, including PXE boot by using a standard network adapter, boot from a SCSI virtual hard disk or DVD, Secure Boot, and UEFI firmware support. Generation 2 VMs only support 64‐bit guest operating systems.

Which power mode first goes into a low-power mode for computers, and then to Hibernate mode when the system is almost out of power. a. Balanced power b. Power mode c. Zip mode d. Hybrid mode

Hybrid mode

System Configuration:

Identifies problems that might be preventing Windows from running correctly.

differencing virtual disk

Is a virtual disk that is associated with another virtual hard disk in a parent‐child relationship.

user state

Is the collection of data and settings that pertain to each user. -The user state separates the user environment, files, and settings from the files and settings that are specific to the installed operating system and those that belong to installed applications.

What is the desktop?

Is the main screen area that you see when you first start the computer and log on to Windows.

which of the following is not an account type in windows 10? a. Guest b. Limited user c. Standard user d. Administrator

Limited user

Computer Management:

Manages local or remote computers by using a single, consolidated desktop tool. Using Computer Management, you can perform many tasks, such as monitoring system events, configuring hard disks, and managing system performance.

. Print Management:

Manages printers and print servers on a network and performs other administrative tasks.

Services:

Manages the different services that run in the background on your computer.

What is the traditional tool used to configure general Windows settings?

Microsoft Management Console (MMC)

Task Scheduler:

Schedules programs or other tasks to run automatically.

Local Security Policy:

Shows and enables you to edit Group Policy security settings.

System Information:

Shows details about your computer's hardware configuration, computer components, and software, including drivers.

Event Viewer:

Shows information about significant events, such as programs starting or stopping, or security errors that are recorded in event logs.

Sleep after

Specifies how long a machine will sleep after inactive use.

Hard Disk: Turn Off Hard Disk After

Specifies the amount of time of inactive use before a mechanical disk will stop spinning.

Hibernate:

Specifies when a machine goes into hibernation

With UAC standard users receive what type of token?

Standard

what is a jump list?

This feature allows you to view recent documents in a program that is pinned to your taskbar.

Hyper‐V Manager

This is the management console for creating and managing your VMs and setting up your test network.

Hyper‐V Virtual Machine Connection:

This is used when working with a single VM that you have already created. It is very similar to the Remote Desktop Connection utility.

Three other important display settings you might want to adjust for specific purposes are

Three other important display settings you might want to adjust for specific purposes are resolution, color depth, and font size.

Which security mechanism is used to notify you when a program makes changes to the system?

UAC

Which of the following actions is most likely to trigger a User Account Control dialog box? a. Uninstalling a program b. Creating a shortcut c. Changing resolution d. Adding a gadget

Uninstalling a program

Administrative Tools is what?

a folder in control panel that contains tools for system admins and advanced users.

User Account Control (UAC)

a technology used with Windows Vista, 7, 8/8.1, and 10 to enhance system security by detecting and preventing unauthorized changes to the system

Which of the following can be used to directly access Event Viewer? a. Gadgets window b. Programs applet in Control Panel c. Administrative Tools d. User Account control dialog box

administrative tools

what is a shortcut?

an icon or link that gives you quick access to an original resource.

With UAC Admin users reveive what type of token?

both Standard and Admin.

High Contrast theme

color scheme that makes some text easier to read and some images easier to identify on‐screen.

What are live Tiles?

continuously pull information in real time from social networks, messaging systems, the Internet and local content.

deleting a shortcut does not

delete the actual item

The Hyper‐V is a hypervisor

esponsible for managing the computer's physical hardware and creating multiple virtualized hardware environments

Standard user account

has fewer permissions than an administrator account, but enough permissions to be productive.

What is the primary purpose of Windows 10's accessibility options?

help visually and hearing impaired users use Windows more easily and efficiently

Magnifier does what?

helps visually impaired users see a selected portion of the screen or the entire screen more clearly by increasing the size or text and graphics.

Performance Monitor:

hows advanced system information about the processor, memory, hard disk, and network performance.

sleep settings

ill specify how long the computer will operate before going into sleep mode when the computer is using battery power or when it is using AC power.

By default, the Hyper‐V feature is not

installed on Windows 10 machines.

A user account

is a collection of information that defines the actions that can be taken on a computer and which files and olders can be accessed (rights, policies, and permissions). An account also keeps track of user preferences, such as the desktop background, window color, and screen saver.

Hybrid mode

is a combination of sleep mode and hibernate mode. Hybrid mode writes information to the hibernation file when the computer enters a sleep state, which allows for a fast wake time.

virtual disk

is a file that represents a physical disk drive to a guest operating system running on a virtual machine.

Sleep mode

is a low‐power mode for computers that uses a minimum amount of power so that the system can be quickly restored back to the previous state without rebooting the computer. Sleep mode is useful when you want to stop working for a short period of time and quickly pick up where you left off.

virtual machine (VM)

is a self‐contained, isolated unit that can be easily moved from one physical computer to another, runs its own operating system, and includes its own virtual hardware configuration

What is narrator?

is a text to speech program that reads aloud the actions you take

a library

is a virtual folder that can display content from different locations (folders, for example) on your computer or an external drive.

Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is

is one of the primary administrative tools used to manage Windows and many of the network services provided by Windows. It provides a standard method to create, save, and open the various administrative tools provided by Windows. When you open Administrative Tools, most of these programs are MMC.

What is the Recycle bin?

is used to recover files that have been previously deleted

What is a work group

is usually associated with a peer‐to‐peer network in which user accounts are decentralized and stored on each individual computer.

Default administrator account

its created when you install windows. the default account is automatically hidden (disabled) in windows 10 but you can enable it if necessary

The primary ease of use tools include

magnifier narrator on screen keyboard high contrast

Which of the following is not a UAC notification level? a. Always notify me b. Notify me only when users try to access my files c. Notify me only when programs try to make changes to my computer d. Never notify me on installations or changes

notify me only when users try to access my files

on screen keyboard

presents a keyboard on your screen from which you can type and enter data

How can i see a live preview?

press the alt key plus the tab key.

File Explorer

previously known as Windows Explorer, is the file manager that is included with Windows operating systems. It provides a graphical user interface to access and manage the file system, including opening files, moving and copying files, and deleting files.

Administrator account

provides the broadest permissions and therefore the most control over the computer. Use an admin account only when you need to make changes or perform maintenance that requires elevated permissions.

Dynamic Memory

reallocates memory automatically to the VM from a shared memory pool as its demands change.

Resolution

refers to the number of pixels that create the image. - Resolution has a horizontal value and a vertical value

In Hyper‐V, a checkpoint is

s a captured image of the state, data, and hardware configuration of a VM at a particular moment in time

Hibernate mode

saves all computer operational data on the hard disk to a hibernation file (Hiberfil.sys) before turning the computer completely off.

user profile is a

series of folders, associated with a specific user account that contains personal documents, user‐specific registry settings, desktop theme, Internet favorites, and other personalized information—everything that provides a user's familiar working

guest account

simply an account with few permissions and no password that allows a user to access a computer without requiring a unique user account.

startup RAM

specifies the amount of memory that you want to allocate to the VM when it starts.

pin a icon

you can pin programs directly to the taskbar. The icon will still appear on the taskbar even when the application isn't running.

The user state includes the following components:

User registry: When a user logs on, the current settings are copied from HKEY_USERS to HKEY_CURRENT_USER. When a user logs off, those settings, including any settings that were changed during the current session, are copied back to HKEY_USERS. On computers that run Windows 10, each user's settings are stored in their own files, named Ntuser.dat and Usrclass.dat, located in the Users folder on the boot volume (usually the C:\Users folder). Application data: The AppData folder contains mostly application settings that are specific to a user. The AppData folder provides separation for user‐related and computer‐related application settings. The AppData folder is located in the Users folder on the boot volume (usually the C:\Users folder). User data: User‐specific data is stored in multiple folders, which include Documents, Favorites, Pictures, and Music.

ODBC Data Sources:

Uses Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) to move data from one type of database (a data source) to another.