Chapter 2

The Academy

Created by plato in Athens for people learn

Aristotle views of women

-A woman is an unfinished man -Woman were incomplete -All the childs charactersitcs lay in the male sperm which make females the soil that just have the men

Plato's views of government and "the state"

-Aristocracy. Aristocracy is the form of government (politeia) advocated in Plato's Republic. This regime is ruled by a philosopher king, and thus is grounded on wisdom and reason. -Aristotle advocated a form of mixed government, or "politeia", in which all citizens "rule and are ruled by turn", and power is monopolized by no particular class. Aristotle was a vigorous critic of democracy

Life of Aristotle

-Aristotle was born in 384 B.C. in Stageira in Macedonia. His father, Nicomachus, was the court physician to the king of Macedonia. -When Aristotle turned 17, he enrolled in Plato's Academy. -Went to Plato's Academy for almost 20 years when Plato was 61. -In 338, he began tutoring Alexander the Great. In 335, Aristotle founded his own school, the Lyceum, in Athens, where he spent most of the rest of his life studying, teaching and writing. -Learned many things from his father and was known as the last of the great Greek philosophers, we was europes fiest biologists -Died of stomach disease....R.I.P

Platos view on the forms

-He believed that when you focus on the ideal form of something, it is very usefull to show what something is supposed to be like and how our form is wrong -A set of blue prints

Life of Plato

-Plato was born around 428 B.C -He was of noble Athenian lineage on both sides. His father Ariston died when he was a child. His mother Perictione remarried the politician Pyrilampes. -Plato grew up during the Peloponnesian War (431-404) and came of age around the time of Athens' final defeat by Sparta and the political chaos that followed. -was 29 when Socrates, his teacher died. -Created the Academy -Is the source we knew socrates from and made a lot of writing in his life

Platos 4 big ideas

1)Think more 2)Let your lover change you(friend...lover)(each person should work on working the other) 3)Decode the message of beauty(beautiful things show us a beauty quality in them that we strive to have in yourself)(believes that beautiful aspects educate us on our soul) 4)Reform society(how can a society create fulfilled people)

The lyceum

After attending the Academy, He started his own school called the Lyceum in Athens

Syllogism

An argument that represents a systematic logical inference such as.......All men are mortal, socrates is a man, Socrates is mortal

"Everything in Moderation" or "nothing to excess"

Aristole philsophy about morals and ethics....also inscribed on the temple of appolo by the oracle of delphi

Categorization

Aristotle would put all his findings into different categorizes like he did with biology

The Golden Mean

Aristotles idea of two extremes and then a middle center between them. ..the right action is always inbetween two extermes....Find a moderate position between those two extremes, and you will be acting morally.

Trail and death of socrates

At his death, he was commited with the crimes of "introducing new gods to athens aswell as curropting the youth"...he pleaded that he only acted in the best interests for the state but was forced to drink Hemlock and die of Hemlock

Empiricism

Empiricists claim that sense experience is the ultimate source of all our concepts and knowledge...Empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.ARISTOTLE

Life of Socrates

He lived from 470-399 b.c -He grew up during the golden age of Pericles' Athens, served with distinction as a soldier, but became best known as a questioner of everything and everyone. Socrates was born and lived nearly his entire life in Athens. His father Sophroniscus was a stonemason and his mother, Phaenarete, was a midwife. -Socrates was deployed for several battles in the Peloponnesian War, but also spent enough time in Athens to become known and beloved by the city's youth. -Socrates cut a strange figure in Athens, going about barefoot, long-haired and unwashed in a society with incredibly refined standards of beauty. It didn't help that he was by all accounts physically ugly, with an upturned nose and bulging eyes. -Never wrote anything down -Was born in Anthens and spent most his life in the streets -Is known through the writing of Plato -At his death, he was commited with the crimes of "introducing new gods to athens aswell as curropting the youth"...he pleaded that he only acted in the best interests for the state but was forced to drink Hemlock and die

Delphic Oracle

High Preistness of Appallo temple and told Socrates he is the wisest man

Socratic Discussion/Socratic Message

In honor of socrates, Plato called this when you have a conversaion with someone who want to help you figure out your thoughts and get you a better understanding on a topic

Rationalism

In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge"... Rationalists claim that there are significant ways in which our concepts and knowledge are gained independently of sense experience....PLATO

Platos view on the Ideals

It the guide you need that shows you how to do something well yourself.....for exmaple, when i person builds on airport, they think of the ideal airtraffice control system

The cookie story in Sophie's World

PLATO asked sophie if when a baker bakes 50 cookies, are they all the same...has to do with form

Soul

PLATO believed that the soul existed before and after the body and inhabits the body. A person forgets all the perfect ideal when put into a new body unless they go on a phil. journey.

Why did Plato want. get rid of Democracy

People people didn't vote thinking and wanted to prevent people from voting without actually thinking and becoming philosopher.

Realm/World of Ideas

Plato believed that this was the place where all the ideal came from and everything of ideals emerged

concepts of perfection

Plato seldom actually used the term, "perfection"; but the concept of "good", central to his philosophy, was tantamount to "perfection." He believed that approximation to the idea of perfection makes people perfect. If you see the perfect circle, you strive to make that perfect circle

The Allegory of the Cave

Plato wrote this describing a philosophers journey to wake up society and how he saw the light and the difference and is coming back to wake up everyone else

The Republic

Plato wrote this..and the main points; 1)Justice is giving to each their due. 2)Society should be run by elites--particularly smart elites. (aka Philosopher Kings) 3)Allegory of the Cave. This allegory points to the difference between appearances and essences, the real and the ideal. 4)This is somewhat the basis for our representative democracy, but could also realistically be a justification for genetic-hierachicalism which seems to have obvious dangers. THE CAVE STORY COMES FROM THIS

Plato view of women

Plato, in the Republic, argues that women should be able to take on the same social roles equally with men in his ideal state. His ideas are based upon the view that women and men have the same nature in respect to acting as guardians of the state

The apology

Platos amount on the trail of Socrates -Describes how the oracle of Delphi told socrates he is the wisest man around and socreates even went on a jounry to test who was wiser than him(poets, politicians) and failed to find anyone who was -I am a Gadfly in Athens who wakes people up -I will rather die than stop being a philosopher.

Form and Substance according to plato

Realm of form is where Ideals of everything exist and we look at those ideal forms to see how imperfect our form is and way to improve it

Ethics

Study of actions

Metaphysics

The study of existence

Epistemology

The study of knowledge

Aristotle's view of life and ethics

There are 3 forms of happiness; 1)a life of pleasure and enjoyment 2)a life as a free and responsible citizen 3)life as a thinker and philosopher -Belived u must have all 3 for man to find happiness and fulfillment and revoked imbalance in life

Flow

WE are all in form....PLATO wanted to determine the relationship between enternal and all that flows

Eudaimonia

a moral philosophy that defines right action as that which leads to the "well-being" of the individual, thus holding "well-being" as having essential value....PLATO HAPPINEST WE MUST REACH

The Dialogues

all of plato written thing

Logic

an appeal to study and see life through logic and logical reasoning.....learning from logically looking at somthing and taking it in

Maieutics

defined as "relating to or resembling the Socratic method of eliciting new ideas from another," ...it resembles the Socratic method

"The unexamined life is not worth living"

is a famous dictum apparently uttered by Socrates at his trial for impiety and corrupting youth, for which he was subsequently sentenced to death, as described in Plato's Apology

Platos major ideas about role models

we should follow good role models which are called the gaurdians who would be the most honored and admired people in society

What is Platos main idea about leaders?

¨the world will not be right until Kings become philosophers or philosophers kings¨