Chapter 2

Which gene is the latest to be considered a possible influence on longevity

FOXO

Genetic theories of aging are supported by the finding that the differing lifespans of different species, with one of the longest, at 184 years, being the:

Galapagos turtle

Which region of London, as shown in Whitehall II, had the highest longevity of its residents?

Kensington and Chelsea

Based on AgeFeed, which of the following statements represents a stereotype about aging?

Older adults are warm and kind

Activity theory proposes that older adults have the highest levels of well-being when their level of social involvement is:

high

A man in his 50s finds that he does his best work when he allows himself to daydream or even take a break and play a video game. According to Erikson, this individual is high in which psychosocial quality?

initiative

The concept of niche-picking is most closely associated with the model of development?

interactionist

Researchers believe the FOXO gene may play a role in which heritable trait?

life span

The error catastrophe theory proposes that aging results from mutations in the:

mitochondrial DNA

A study of female shoppers showing that retailers gave preferential treatment to well-dressed young women supports which theory related to ageism?

multiple jeopardy

Which model of development places the greatest emphasis on inherited traits?

organismic

Although you never liked classical music before, after going to a concert in the park, you realize that you actually like it. This example illustrates which process in Piaget's theory?

accommodation

The proposal that older adults are much more satisfied with their lives when they are able to maintain their former social roles and involvements is consistent with which role adjustment theory?

continuity

Which life course theory proposes that older adults have maximal levels of well-being when they maintain their previous degree of social involvement?

continuity

Advanced glycation end-products are thought to affect the rate of aging by causing _________ to form in the body.

cross links

Compared to the life span, the life course emphasizes which factors in development?

cultural norms and expectations

The telomere theory proposes that the cause of aging is due to

destruction of the ends of chromosomes

The understanding of social context as a factor influencing how people change over time is consistent with the field of

developmental science

The theory proposing that aging results from mutations in the mitochondrial DNA is referred to as:

error catastrophe

in a genome-wide linkage study, genetic researchers use the information from _______ to seek links between certain genes and diseases.

families who share genetic risk

The Selective Optimization with Compensation model of aging proposes that older adults maximize their functioning by:

focusing on areas in which they can excel

Antioxidants are thought to be important to reversing or slowing down the aging process according to which biological theory?

free radical

A demonstration of the effect of the environment on health in Whitehall II showed that longevity of London residents varied according to:

location in higher-income vs. lower-income neighborhoods

Which of the following influences on development, according to Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, includes attitudes and ideologies of the culture?

macrosystem

The idea that people change in response to such influences as education, family events, and interaction with peers is consistent with which model of development?

mechanistic

Bronfenbrenner's view that there are multiple levels of organization in the environment that can affect the development of the individual is known as the _____________ perspective:

ecological

The substances that accumulate with age in collagen, causing it to cross-link, are known as

advanced glycation end-products

Which percentage represents the amount of variation in longevity estimated to be inhertied

25

In the movie "Driving Miss Daisy," the main character seemed to go through which identity process when she realized that she could no longer drive?

accommodation

Which of the following influences on development, in Bronfenbrenner's model, would be considered to fall into the microsystem?

organized religion

Which of the following is one of the "10 facts you probably didn't know about aging?"

older adults don't take jobs away from young adults

The fact that collagen alters its structure, become rigidified and smaller, relates to which theory of aging?

cross-linking

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development, the microsystem includes

friends, family, and others who the individual knows

Researchers use the identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNP's, in order to study:

genetic variations related to life span.

The "life footprint" concept is most closely associated with which model of development?

reciprocal

The caloric restriction hypothesis proposes that eating a diet low in total calories has what effect on the aging process?

reducing free radicals

Which theoretical model of adult development and aging proposes that people pick and choose the activities in which to invest their time and energies as they get older?

selective optimization with compensation

A student begins graduate school at the age of 42, much later than the traditional-aged graduate student. This student would be considered to have an "off-time" _________ clock. normative

social

Which of the following is a contextual influence on development?

social class

Which theoretical perspective on ageism gives the greatest emphasis to fear of death as a cause?

terror management

The Gompertz function is most closely associated with which theory of aging?

programmed aging

You've watched an online video depicting an older adult as having trouble figuring out the latest smartphone technology. As pointed out in AgeFeed, this portrayal represents a(n) ____________ about aging.

stereotype

Unstable molecules that can form bonds with unpaired electrons and cause cellular damage are known as:

free radicals

the view that there are multiple levels of organization in the environment that can affect the development of the individual over time as the __________ perspective

ecological

Studies of the genetic contributions to aging use data on the lifespan of species, with that of the house mouse averaging at:

3 years

a friend mentions a great new show to start watching on a streaming video service. You begin watching this show, and as a result, decide to be a little bit nicer to your siblings. The friend's advice to you represents what type of influence on your family relationships?

reciprocal

An older woman has a serious fall and is told by her health professional that she must wear special shoes. However, she refuses to change her footwear even though this still causes pain, because she prefers to wear styles that are more fashionable. This would be an example of which identity process?

assimilation

The fact that cells are only able to undergo a fixed number of divisions before they lose the ability to reproduce is known as

replicative senescence

Which natural compound, found in grapes (and therefore wine), is thought to have potential as an antioxidant?

revseratrol

Research on the relationship between lifestyle factors and telomere length in healthy older adults suggests that _____________ plays a role, although small, in preserving telomeres

education