Chapter 20
Which letter in this figure identifies the site where most digestion and nutrient absorption takes place?
D
Which of the following statements about the muscle shown in this figure is true?
It is under our conscious control.
If an athlete damages a ligament in his or her knee, he or she has damaged?
a connection between two bones.
The structure that is highlighted in this illustration of a knee joint is a?
bone
As nutrients move across an intestinal villus, most of the nutrients are absorbed by the?
capillaries
Muscle contraction is caused by what?
myosin filaments sliding along actin filaments.
Which of the following nutrients have the lowest energy content per gram?
vitamins
Which of the following statements about myofibrils is true?
They contain many sarcomeres.
Babies may receive an injection of vitamin K at birth. Which of the following is the most likely reason why an injection of vitamin K would be given?
Vitamin K is required to prevent bleeding, and babies are born with low levels of this vitamin.
Pancreatic cancer is an especially dangerous disease in humans because the pancreas is?
an organ that manufactures many different kinds of digestive enzymes.
If a drug attacked and destroyed involuntary muscle cells only, which of the following body functions would be affected?
movement of materials through the digestive system
A genetic mutation has altered a signaling molecule found embedded within cell membranes. This signaling molecule is most likely a?
protein
The advantage of chewing food is that this process?
provides mechanical digestion and increases the surface area of the food for further digestion.
The most likely potential problem faced by a person who is following a low-protein diet is the failure to?
take in enough essential amino acids.
The structure that is highlighted in this illustration of a knee joint is a?
tendon
A college student tracks his diet for several weeks as part of a nutrition project. During the tracking period, he realizes that his diet is rich in yellow and orange fruits and vegetables, citrus fruits, nuts, and fish, but that he tends to avoid most leafy green vegetables. Which of the following vitamins is most likely deficient in his diet?
vitamin K
As a muscle contracts, which of the following things happens?
The Z disks move closer together.
The liver secretes bile to the?
gallbladder
Which of the following vitamins is NOT associated with building or maintaining bones and teeth?
vitamin E
Which of the following statements about the amino acids that are required by adult humans is true?
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Which of the following things would you expect to happen if a knee joint was formed without any cartilage?
Bones within the knee would experience friction.
One of the most common knee injuries is the tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). How would an injury like this affect the function of the knee?
Ligaments hold the bones of the knee in the proper orientation. Tearing the ligament could disrupt the alignment of the knee, making the knee difficult to bend.
Which of the following statements best explains why starch molecules must be broken down before they can be absorbed by the small intestine?
They are too large to pass through the plasma membrane of the intestinal cells.
Vanessa has been lifting weights to increase strength in her arms. Which of the following statements about the muscles she is strengthening is true?
They have tendons that are connected to bones.
Which of the following sequences correctly describes the journey of a potato chip through our digestive tract?
mouth to esophagus to stomach to small intestine to large intestine to anus
Which of the following organs plays a role in producing vitamin D?
the skin
Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is true?
Cardiac muscle contains bands like skeletal muscle, but its contractions are involuntary like smooth muscle.
Which of the following statements about what happens during a muscle contraction is true?
Myosin filaments slide along actin filaments.
Which of the following would NOT be found in the lower small intestine?
a smooth surface
The lower region of the small intestine is structured to create large amounts of surface area so that it can more efficiently?
absorb the chemical building blocks that are produced by digestion.
The human liver produces bile, a substance that?
allows fats to dissolve more easily in the watery contents of the gut.
The knee is part of the ________ skeleton, which is designed primarily for ________.
appendicular; motion
As an experiment, a person who wishes to avoid getting ill during the winter significantly boosts his or her vitamin intake by taking multiple vitamin supplements. This action could?
be dangerous, because the human body needs vitamins only in small amounts.
The function of the esophagus is to?
carry food to the stomach.
If you were a bird about to embark on a long migratory journey, which of the following nutrients would you want to have stored in large quantities?
fats
Where in the body would you expect to find voluntary muscle that has a banded appearance?
in a muscle that bends the knee
One of the advantages of the villi that line the small intestine is that they?
increase the surface area available for food absorption.
Minerals are?
required by the human body in small amounts.
Which of the following sequences correctly describes the organization of muscle tissue from smallest to largest component?
sarcomeres to myofibrils to muscle fibers
The power that moves food along your esophagus comes from?
smooth muscle
Food passing through our digestive tract would contain the fewest nutrients when it reaches which of the following organs?
the large intestine
How rapidly an organism can absorb nutrients generally depends on?
the surface area available for absorption.
After certain knee injuries, patients experience a swelling because of an accumulation of fluid within the knee. This condition is referred to as "water on the knee." Which of the following is a likely source of this fluid?
the synovial sac
Bending your elbow involves what?
the use of voluntary muscles.
Carbohydrates and fats are both?
used as energy sources.