Chapter 20

What was the cause of the OPEC oil embargo of 1973?

Arab-oil producing states wanted to pressure Israel's First World allies by halting oil exports to them

Which of the following led to the internal migration of 12 million South Asians in 1947?

Both Hindus and muslims left their homes to relocate to the new countries, India or Pakistan, after more than a million people were killed in religious conflict

In which of the following ways was the Prague Spring in 1968 similar to the Hungarian uprising in 1956?

Both attempts to decrease communist authoritarianism in eastern Europe were crushed by the Soviet military

Which of the following is a similarity between the decolonization experiences of Algeria and South Africa?

Both countries had large numbers of European settlers, which prevented a smooth transfer of power.

Which of the following accurately compares the Germans and Japanese during the 1930s and 1940s?

Both developed theories of racial superiority

Why did Egypt emerge as a potent symbol of pan-Arab nationalism in 1956?

Egypt's military under Nasser was able to reclaim the Suez Canal from the British, French, and Israelis.

Which of the following encouraged the European powers to surrender their African colonies?

European powers were too deep in debt to invest more in pacifying discontented Africans

Which of the following European claims did the systemic implementation of the Nazi genocide challenge?

Europeans had claimed that science, technology, and an efficient bureaucracy would make life better for all

Which of the following is a reason why historians have described World War II as a total global conflict?

Fighting in World War II took place on three continents and included soldiers from all continents except Antarctica

Which of the following led Zionist militants to use force to attempt to gain statehood?

Following World War II, the British restricted the immigration of hundreds of thousands of concentration camp survivors.

Under what circumstances did the Cold War become a "hot" war?

It became a hot war when the United States and the Soviet Union armed their Third World allies and encouraged proxy wars

Which of the following reflects the Chinese communist party's approach toward women?

It freed women from oppressive laws and customs as part of its government

Which of the following reflects the Chinese communist party's approach toward women?

It freed women from oppressive laws and customs as part of its government.

Which of the following was a consequence of Rachel Carson's book, the Silent Spring?

It led to the environmental movement which questioned many of the ideas about economic progress and material prosperity upon which the "American Dream" had rested

How did the Korean War transform Japan's relationship with the winners of World War II?

Japan became an important ally of the United States in the fight against communism

How did Japan justify its conquest of neighboring territory during World War II?

Japan claimed that it was driving out European imperialists and establishing "Asia for the Asians."

In comparison with life in First World countries, which of the following best describes life for ordinary people in second world countries?

Lower standards of living, but higher levels of economic security

Why did communism appeal to many Europeans after World War II?

Many eastern Europeans, reacting to the horrors of fascism, looked to the Soviets for solutions to rebuild society

Which of the following people provided the model for protest that Martin Luther King, Jr. adopted in his pursuit of civil rights?

Mohandas Gandhi

Which of the following was a response to Khrushchev's speech in 1956 attempting to separate Stalinism from true communism?

Polish and Hungarian intellectuals tried to break away from strict communist controls

In which of the following ways did the United States attempt to counter growing radicalism in Latin America?

President Kennedy sent advisers to dole out aid, explain how reform local land systems, and to demonstrate the benefits of liberal capitalism

Which of the following was one of the principle causes of World War II?

Resentment lingered over the punitive treaties imposed after World War I

Which of the following is a reason why some First World powers supported South Africa during the 1950s and 19602?

South Africa was anticommunist

Which of the following is a reason that communism lost its appeal in post-World War II in western Europe?

Strong economic growth led to increased standards of living and expanded access to services like education and health care

Which of the following first tested President Truman's containment policy?

The Berlin blockade

Which Cold War event brought the world closest to nuclear war?

The Cuban Missile Crisis

Why did Stalin believe that the Soviet Union deserved to dominate eastern Europe?

The Soviet Union had sacrificed so many people in the war against fascism.

Which of the following was the main reason that the United States became involved in the conflict between North and South Vietnam?

The United States supported South Vietnam because it feared the spread of communism throughout Southeast Asia.

Following World War II, which of the following emerged as the prevailing global political organization?

The nation-state

Which of the following led European Jews to migrate to Palestine during the first half of the twentieth century?

They believed that returning to their place of origin would lead to self determination

Why did many African leaders think that Africa would move swiftly to a special African form of socialism following decolonization?

They believed that the common African traditions that informed negritude would enable them to embrace social justice and equality

Multinational corporations had which of the following impacts on Third World countries?

They expanded countries' agricultural and manufacturing sectors, but impeded the growth of local farms

During the Cold War, what did the United States and the Soviet Union expect from Third World countries?

They expected them to join one or the other of the two opposing Cold War camps.

The reason that Nazi bureaucrats decided to exterminate, instead of deporting, the Jewish population of eastern Europe was that they believe deportation was too costly.

True

Which of the following groups of Africans led an anticolonial movements immediately following World War II?

Urban unemployed, former servicemen, Western-educated indigenous elites

In post-World War II western Europe, the "women question" concerned what new problem?

Women were making gains in the workplace, but without proportional decrease in domestic responsibility

During the 1950s, Americans expressed anxiety about communism in which of the following ways?

Americans bought more consumer goods, which were usually made in the United States

For which of the following reasons did President Harry Truman authorize the use of the atomic bomb in 1945?

An Allied invasion of Japan would cost hundreds of thousands of American lives, since the Japanese had vowed to defend the main islands to the last man, woman or child.

Why did the development of more effective nuclear weapons ultimately decrease the risk of a direct confrontation between the United States and the USSR?

Any conflict that involved nuclear weapons had the potential to destroy the world

How did the Arab-Israeli War of 1947-1948 help shatter the legitimacy of Arab ruling elites?

Arab states were poorly prepared to take on the Israeli Defense Force and eventually lost territory granted to them by the United Nations' partition.

India and China both achieved political independence peacefully.

False

Japan began its military expansion into mainland Asia after World War II began.

False

NATO and the Warsaw Pact were both designed to help contain the spread of communism

False

The Cold War superpowers stayed out of civil wars in Third World countries, believing that such conflicts out to be resolved internally.

False

Which of the following techniques did Hitler use to create his racially based new world order?

He set up puppet governments that complied with deportation orders for Jews

What was the Marshall Plan's goal?

Its goal was to limit the appeal of communism in Europe by providing grants for reconstruction to democratic governments

Which of the following is a reason why the Algerian War of Independence shocked French citizens and the colons?

The French government had declared that Algeria was not a colony, but an integral part of France.

Which of the following saved Chinese communists from being overwhelmed by Nationalist forces in the Chinese Civil War?

The Japanese invasion diverted Nationalist troops from pursuing the communists into the Chinese interior.

Which of the following factors led to the failure of Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward in 1958?

The communes failed to provide enough food to avoid famine and the manufactured goods were inferior

Which of the following factors encouraged the British to transfer power quickly to the Indian National Congress following World War II?

The threat of radicalized peasant uprisings prompted the British to expedite the transfer of power to the middle-class leaders of the Indian National Congress.

Which of the following issues led to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union?

They had diametrically opposed political and economic ideologies

How did Pacific Rim nations such as South Korea and Taiwan escape the typical Third World cycle of poverty and dependence?

They used regulation to promote new industries and required multinationals to cooperate with local firms.

Which of the following accurately depicts the Vietnamese intelligentsia under French rule?

Western-educated Vietnamese worked as clerks, teachers, and petty officials, but had few opportunities for advancement.