Chapter 20 Biology, Chapter 21 Biology, Chapter 22 Biology
In a dihybrid cross, in which both parents are heterozygous for both traits, what is the probability that the offspring will exhibit both of the dominant phenotypes?
9/16
How much of your DNA is identical to the person who sits next to you in biology class?
99.9%
Which of the following is a dominant allele?
A
Which of the following represents a gamete with a dominant allele?
A
Which of the following represents a dihybrid cross?
AAbb x aaBB
Which of the following would not be a possible way to list someone's genotype?
AB
Which of the following traits would not be considered multifactorial?
ABO blood type
The start codon for translation is a
AUG
Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?
Aa
Which of the following represents a cross to determine if an individual is homozygous or heterozygous dominant?
Aa x aa
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an autosomal dominant disorder pedigree?
Affected children will usually have unaffected parents.
What was the name of the first gene associated with breast cancer?
BRCA1
What do BRCA1 and p53 have in common?
Both are oncogenes
How are Fragile X syndrome and Huntington disease similar?
Both are trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders.
In what way are DNA and RNA similar?
Both contain deoxyribose.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells that distinguishes it from normal cells?
Cancer cells utilize mitosis to divide.
Which of the following traits is an X-linked recessive disorder?
Color blindness
The denaturation of which enzyme would lead to incorrect base pairing of nucleotides during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
What is the name of the enzyme that fits new complementary DNA nucleotides into the new strand?
DNA polymerase
Which of the following dietary changes will not reduce your risk of developing cancer?
Drink alcohol only in moderation.
Which of the following X-linked recessive disorders is characterized by a degeneration of the muscles?
Duchenne's
Which of the following nucleotide sequences could give rise to the amino acid sequence alanine-asparatate-glycine? Assume that translation initiation has already occurred.
GCCGACGGC
If the codon is CCA, what is the anticodon and what amino acid will be inserted?
GGU, proline
In a dihybrid cross, if the resulting ratios are 1:1:1:1, what are the genotypes of the parents?
GgRr x ggrr
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an autosomal recessive disorder pedigree?
Heterozygotes have an affected phenotype
Which of the following disorders is a trinucleotide repeat disorder?
Huntington disease
Which of the following is not a protective behavior that will help prevent cancer?
Increase consumption of salt-cured, smoked, and nitrite-cured foods.
Which of the following characteristics is not associated with metastasis?
Invasive cancer cells are sperm-shaped
Which of the following is not a requirement for the genetic material of the cell?
It must be able to provide genetic variability.
What is the role of the enzyme ligase in DNA replication?
It seals any breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone.
Which type of test is particularly useful in analyzing tumors in tissues surrounded by bone?
MRI
Which of the following disorders is caused by a defect in the production of an elastic connective tissue protein called fibrillin?
Marfan syndrome
Which of the following is not an autosomal recessive disorder?
Marfan syndrome
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an X-linked recessive disorder pedigree?
More females than males are affected.
Which of the following statements about PCR is not true?
PCR stands for "polymerizing copies of RNA"
Which of the following is not a level of regulation for gene expression?
Pretranslational
What enzyme is responsible for transcribing RNA?
RNA Polymerase
Ex vivo gene therapy has been used to treat which of the following diseases?
SCID
The bases in DNA are complementary. A always binds with
T
Which of the following genetic disorders is due to a lack of the lysosome enzyme hex A?
Tay-Sachs disease
Which of the following would be an example of pretranscriptional control?
The chromosomes must decondense
Which of the following occurs during initiation of translation?
The mRNA binds to the smaller of the two ribosomal subunits.
Which of the following is not true about the structure of DNA?
The two strands are considered parallel.
Which of the following is not true regarding ribosomes?
They function within the nucleus
Which of the following is not true about transcription factors?
Transcription factors are considered external cell regulators
Which of the following designations indicates a sex-linked trait?
XB
Which of the following represents the genotype of a male who is color-blind?
XbY
Which of the following is not one of the seven warning signs?
a cut that bleeds
In a pedigree, an affected male would be designated by
a shaded square.
Which of the following is not one of the things to watch for in a mole?
a solid color, usually brown
What type of test is a CEA test?
a tumor marker test
Which of the following is an example of a recessive genotype?
aa
Which of the following individuals has a recessive phenotype?
aabb
A mole becomes suspicious when it is greater than 6 mm in diameter. How big is 6 mm approximately?
about the size of a pencil eraser
Which of the following is a benefit gained from learning how to sequence DNA?
all of these are benefits gained from DNA sequencing
Which of the following factors can lead to cancer?
all of these can lead to cancer
Which of the following is not a stage in carcinogenesis?
angiogenesis
Which of the following is not a type of immunotherapy?
anti-p53 engineered adenovirus
Which of the following is not found in tobacco smoke?
asbestos
Julie has a genetic disorder. Julie and her husband, Shane, have three children, none of which have the genetic disorder. How is this disorder most likely inherited?
autosomal recessive.
Which of the following tests is not used to screen for colon cancer?
blood test
There is a trait with two alleles. One allele codes for blue while the other allele codes for yellow. If this trait is inherited in a codominant manner, what color will the offspring be?
blue and yellow striped
Which of the following is not a type of chemotherapy?
bone marrow transplants
There is a single gene that controls the ability to taste PTC paper. The ability to taste is dominant to the inability to taste. If you can taste the paper, it is very bitter. Which of the following genotypes can taste the paper?
both PP and Pp
Unattached earlobes are a dominant trait in humans. Which phenotype
both earlobes are unattached
The American Cancer Society publicizes seven warning signals, which spell out the word CAUTION. The "C" in CAUTION stands for change in
bowel or bladder habits.
Which is responsible for more cancer deaths in women: breast, colon and rectum, pancreas, or ovary?
breast
Cancers of epithelial tissues are called
carcinomas.
A Pap test looks for what type of cancer?
cervical cancer
Unfortunately, the cancer in Ted's body had spread to multiple sites. Which is the most viable treatment option to handle Ted's cancer?
chemotherapy
An allele is to a gene, as a locus is to a
chromosome.
Which of the following is not a type of mRNA processing?
cleaving off the methionine
Proto-oncogenes
code for proteins that promote the cell cycle.
The 3-base sequence in a mRNA molecule is called a(n)
codon
Which two tests are done for prostate cancer?
digital rectal examination, PSA
Which of the following is a side effect of radiation therapy that is not also a side effect of chemotherapy?
dry, red, irritated skin and/or blisters
Which of the following is not involved in gene cloning?
dyes attached to nucleotides
Both DNA and RNA are
found in the nucleus.
Dad has a genotype of AaBb. How many different kinds of sperm can he produce?
four
How is the recombinant product procured from transgenic bacteria? Transgenic goats?
from growth media, drink milk
Which of the following is a product made from bacteria via recombinant DNA technology that promotes the health of plants?
frost-minus substances
All of the RNAs
function within the nucleus.
Researchers found 3 genes on chromosome 22 in chimpanzees that, when compared to our human genes, have given us insight into our evolution. What were those three genes?
genes for speech development, hearing, and smell
What type of screening test could be used to determine the likelihood that someone might develop cancer?
genetic test
Which of the following terms refers to the genes of an individual?
genotype
What is the genotype of a person with type O blood?
ii
Which of the following is not a standard therapy for cancer treatment?
immunotherapy
When should screening for colorectal cancer begin?
in 50s
How is familial hypercholesterolemia inherited?
incompletely dominant
What type of cancer causes the most deaths in males?
lung and bronchus
Which of the following is a coding RNA?
mRNA
In the RNA sequence CAAUGACCAG, what will be the first amino acid incorporated?
methionine
Hodgkin lymphomas develop from
mutated B cells.
Which of the following is the monomer unit of DNA?
nucleotides
How often should a woman do a shower self-examination of her breasts for lumps, knots, or changes?
once a month
Taxol is used to treat what type of cancer?
ovarian cancer
When describing someone as "lactose intolerant", you are describing their
phenotype
Which of the following are found within the monomer unit of DNA?
phosphate, nitrogen base
An individual has a genetic disorder in which their cell is not forming the correct protein structure for the cell membrane to allow entry of a particular ion. Doctors have determined that in order to help cure this person they need to alter the shape of the protein. Which type of regulation of gene expression would have the greatest chance of success?
posttranslational control
If you want to know the probability that tossing two coins will result in a particular outcome (two heads, for example), you use the
product rule.
What is the most common cancer found in males?
prostate
Which accounts for more cancer deaths in males: bladder, pancreas, esophagus, or prostate?
prostate
How does modern day sequencing detect dyes on the nucleotides?
radioactivity
Clasp your hands together (without thinking about it). Which thumb is on top every time you do this? The dominant phenotype is left thumb on top. If you have the genotype "tt", which thumb is on top?
right
Which of the following is not a desirable trait for a genetically engineered plant?
salt sensitive
DNA replication is considered
semiconservative.
How many codons are there for leucine?
six
Which of the following traits/disorders is controlled by multiple genes?
skin color
Which of the following is not a potential function of proteins?
storage form for genetic information
Which of the following is not a type of small RNA?
tRNA
The ends of the chromosomes are "capped" with special repetitive DNA sequences called
telomeres.
Which variable has the stronger influence on the color of an individuals skin?
the amount of time spent in the sun and the individuals genotype
Which of the following is not a type of proto-oncogene?
the gene for p53
Which structure contains the anticodon?
the tRNA
How many stop codons are there for translation?
three
What is the goal of functional genomics?
to determine the purpose of our genes and how they form a human being
Which of the following is the primary goal of bioinformatics?
to input DNA and protein sequences into a computer
Which of the following is not an application of PCR?
treat cancer
If an individual has the A blood type, how many different genotypes can they possess?
two
Of the three possible alleles for the ABO blood type, each individual can have how many?
two
If a person with type B blood marries a person with type A blood, what phenotypes can their children be?
types A, B, O, and AB
Which of the following is not a type of ionizing radiation?
ultraviolet radiation
Which of the following is not an amino acid?
uracil
Contact inhibition means that
when cells come in contact with a neighbor, they stop dividing
Which of the following is not studied in the field of proteomics?
which genes give rise to which proteins
How many genes did researchers think the human genome contained? How many did it contain?
80,000; 25,000
How similar are our genomes to those of a mouse?
85%
If a tumor suppressor gene becomes mutated, which of the following is not true?
. A "gain-of function" mutation has occurred.
In a cross of a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, what is the ratio of offspring that will exhibit the recessive phenotype?
0
How many Americans will deal with cancer in their lifetime?
1 in 3
If a mother is a carrier for color-blindness and her husband is not, which of the following children are most likely?
1 normal daughter, 1 carrier daughter, 1 normal son, and 1 color-blind son
In a cross of Ss x Ss, the probability of having a heterozygous genotype is
1/2.
The probability of tossing a coin and having it be heads or tails is
1/2.
Place the following steps in order for the cloning of a gene. 1. DNA ligase seals foreign DNA into a plasmid. 2.A restriction enzyme is used to cleave DNA. 3. The bacterium makes a product. 4. Some of the bacterial cells take up a recombinant plasmid. 5. The plasmid replicates on its own.
2,1,4,5,3
How many different amino acids are commonly found in proteins?
20
When was the Human Genome Project completed?
2003
In a cross of Ff x Ff, the probability of having a dominant phenotype
3/4
There are two different alleles for the number of fingers on the hands: 5 finger allele and 6 finger allele. When both the 5 finger allele and the 6 finger allele are present in the same individual, the individual has 6 fingers on the hands. Which allele is dominant?
6 fingers
What is the survival rate for children with childhood leukemia?
80%