chapter 20

To manage a patient's airway and breathing during an allergic reaction, an EMT should apply ____________________-____________________ ____________________ through a ____________________ ____________________.

High-Concentrations Oxygen; nonrebreather mask

Red, itchy, possibly raised blotches on the skin are known as ____________________.

Hives

When the signs and symptoms of allergic reaction include either respiratory distress or signs and symptoms of shock, assume you are dealing with a se-vere allergic reaction.

True

Some anaphylactic reactions require repeated doses of epinephrine be-fore the allergic reaction stops.

True

The dose of epinephrine that should be given to children under 66 pounds is:

0.15 mg

The correct dose of epinephrine for an adult is ____________________ mg; for a child, it is ____________________ mg.

0.31; 0.15

Epinephrine is most commonly administered as a(n):

autoinjector

The medical name for shock, a condition associated with extreme allergic reactions, is

hypoperfusion

The wide variety of substances that trigger an allergic reaction are called

Allergens

An exaggerated reaction of the body's immune system to some foreign material is called a(n)

Allergic reaction

A severe, life-threatening reaction to a foreign substance is called

Anaphylactic Shock

After the first exposure to an allergen, the immune system forms ____________________ to "attack" this substance in the future.

Antibodies

A spring-loaded needle and syringe with a single dose of epinephrine is known as a(n) ____________________-____________________.

Auto-Injector

When administered as a medication, epinephrine will ____________________ blood vessels and improve the ____________________ of tissues.

Constrict; Perfusion

After 15 to 20 minutes, a patient suffering an allergic reaction has little risk of slipping into anaphylactic shock.

False

During an allergic reaction, you can expect to discover a higher-than-average blood pressure.

False

Epinephrine autoinjectors cannot be administered to unconscious patients.

False

The patient with a localized reaction should receive epinephrine, while the patient with a generalized reaction should not.

False

signs and symptoms commonly associated with anaphylaxis, or anaphylactic shock.

Increased pulse; Vomiting; Altered mental status; Flushed, dry skin; Absent radial and/or pedal pulses; Pale, cool, clammy skin; Increased respirations; Decreased blood pressure; Feeling of impending doom; Stridor

EMTs and other health care professionals sometimes develop a severe allergic reaction to the ____________________ in their gloves.

Latex

A possible side effect of epinephrine is chest pain.

True

An antibody will combine with only the allergen it was formed in response to (oranother similar allergen).

True

An individual must come into contact with an allergen a second time for an anaphylactic reaction to occur.

True

Epinephrine has no contraindications when used in a life-threatening situa-tion.

True

A food that produces one of the most severe and rapid allergic reactions is:

peanuts

A very severe, life-threatening allergic reaction may be referred to as:

anaphylaxis

Administration of epinephrine needs to be carefully documented because of its powerful effects on the:

heart

Signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following EXCEPT:

increased appetite

An EMT who notices that his hands are red and itchy after a call is proba-bly experiencing an allergic reaction to:

latex

When administered as a medication, epinephrine will accomplish all the following EXCEPT:

lower blood pressure

Anaphylaxis is differentiated from an allergic reaction by:

respiratory distress