Chapter 20 - Molecular Technologies

DNA sequencing enables researchers to determine the order of ... in a gene

DNA nucleotides

What is a pharmaceutical product that is produced by bacteria expressing the human gene?

Insulin

What does the enzyme DNA ligase do?

It covalently links the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA

What is recombinant DNA technology?

The production of new arrangements of DNA

When cloning a gene, why must the chromosomal DNA and the plasmid DNA be cut with the same restriction enzyme?

The sticky ends of the plasmid DNA will be complementary to the sticky end of the chromosomal DNA

Why would one use a vector with a selectable marker?

To identify cells contains the vector

restriction endonucleases (enzymes) are used in gene cloning to ...

cut the DNA backbone prior to inserting the DNA to be cloned

Reverse transcriptase PCR can be used to ...

detect and quantify the amount of a specific RNA

... PCR allows one to assess the amount of DNA produced during a PCR amplification as it is happening

real time

... DNA technology uses in vitro molecular techniques that combine DNA fragments to produce novel arrangements

recombinant

Enzymes that bind to a specific DNA sequence and cut the DNA backbone are called ...

restriction enzymes

The enzyme ... is used when PCR is employed to detect and quantify the amount of specific RNA

reverse transcriptase

A resistance gene that allows a host cell containing a vector to grow on a toxic substance is called a ...

selectable marker

... allows a researcher to produce a mutation at a specific sequence

site-directed mutagenesis

The process by which competent cells take up DNA from the extracellular medium is called ...

transformation

A small DNA molecule that can replicate independently within a host cell and this make many copies of an inserted gene is called a

vector

What are the steps of cloning a gene?

1. Chromosomal DNA is isolated and cut with a restriction enzyme ; the plasmid DNA is cut with the same enzyme 2. The digested chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA are incubated together 3. Ligation by DNA ligase

In dideoxyribonucleotides, ... oxygens are removed from the sugar compared with ribose

2

What is a plasmid?

A small circular DNA molecule often used as a vector in gene cloning