Chapter 20 quizzes

Lymphoid organs differ from lymphoid tissues in what way?

They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphoid tissues are not

immunnoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are a.lgA b. lgD c. lgE d. lgG e. lgM

lgE

Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are

lgG

Immunogloubins, formed of five subunits, which are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection are a. lgA b. lgD c. lgE d. lgG e. lgM

lgM

The white pump of the spleen is populated by

lymphocytes

List the components of the lymphatic system

lymphocytes, lymph, lymphatic vessels, primary lymphoid tissues and organs, and secondary lymphoid tissues and organs.

Various types of macrophages are derived from

monocytes

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.

naturally acquired active

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ______ immunity

naturally acquired passive

Which leukocytes are abundant, mobile, and quick to phagocytize cellular debris or invading bacteria?

neutrophils

The role of antigen-presenting cells in immunity is to do all of the following except a. phagocytosis b. activate T cells c. Activate B cells d. process antigens e. display antigen fragments

phagocytosis

The cells responsible for producing antibody molecules are ______ cells

plasma

Which cells produce antibodies? a. helper T cells b. cytotoxic T cells c. memory B cells d. natural killer cells e. plasma cells p

plasma cells

In response to tissue damage and infection, circulating proteins called pyrogens a. cause inflammation b. activate antibodies c. activate complement d. produce a fever e. opsonize pathogens

produce a fever

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions excepts a. left arm and shoulder b. pelvic viscera c. left side of neck d. left breast e. right breast

right breast

Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following except? a. lymphoid nodules b. the brain c. the spleen d. the thymus e. lymph node organs

the brain

Stem cells that will form T cells develop in the

thymus

What structure prevents back flow of lymph in some lymphatic vessels?

valves

The site on an antibody that is specifically tailored to fit a specific antigen is called the

variable segment

What is the difference between lymphocyte and lymph

A lymphocyte is the primary cell of the lymphatic system. Lymph is the interstitial fluid that has entered a lymphatic vessel.

distinguish between innate immunity and adaptive immunity

Innate immunity is nonspecific and does not distinguish one type of threat from another. Adaptive immunity is specific and protects against particular threats.

Define interferons

Interferons are small proteins released by virus-infected cells that trigger the production of antiviral proteins.

Define opsonization

Opsonization is the process by which the coating of pathogens with antibodies and complement proteins makes the pathogens more susceptible to phagocytosis.

Describe red pulp and white pulp found in the spleen

Red pulp contains large numbers of red blood cells; white pulp resembles lymphoid nodules and contains lymphocytes.

Adaptive immunity is the result of the actions of?

T and B cells

Describe CD markers

T cell plasma membranes contain cluster of differentiation (CD) proteins involved in antigen recognition.

The binding of antigen to an antibody can result from all of the following except a. activate t cells b. neutralization of the antigen c. opsonization d. aggulation or precipitation e. complement activiation

activate t cells

The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the complement protein binds to

an antibody attached to an antigen

A substance that provokes an immune response is called an a. irritant b. antigen c. chemotoxin d. complement e. thymosin

antigen

AN antibody binds to an antigen at a specific area called

antigen binding sites

Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following except a. are frequently irregular in shape b. are larger in diameter c. have no basement membrane d. have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like shingles e. are smaller in diameter

are smaller in diameter

Examples of physical barriers against pathogen include all of the following except a. mucus b. epidermal layers c. epithelia d. blood e. sebaceous gland

blood

The various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on basis of their

heavy-chain constant segments

What typed of immunity are stimulated by antigen presentation?

cell-mediated immunity and antibody-meditated immunity

The thoracic duct originates from an expanded chamber called the

cisterna chyli

Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.

cytotoxic T

Which cells can be activated by direct contact with virus-infected cells

cytotoxic T and natural killer cells

Helper T cells do all of the following except a. activate sensitized B cells by costimulation b. enhance antibody-mediated immunity c. secrete cytokines to stimulate production of plasma cells d. enhance cell-meditated immunity e. destroy target cells using proteins

destroy target cells using perforins