Chapter 20, section 3: revolts in Latin America

Latin Americans of European descent

Creoles

how did events in Spain affect the fight for Mexican independence

Creoles feared they would lose their status

Mexican Independence

Creoles fearing loss of privileges joined together with revolutionaries(after liberals forced the king in Spain I 1820 to issue a constitution ), led by Agustin de Iturbide to declare Mexican's independence in 1821. Iturbide was overthrown in 1821 and CEntral America had independence from Mexico.

Enlightenment in Latin America

Creoles read the works of enlightenment thinker, such as Simon Bolivar, but most were reluctant to act

Creole

Descendants of the Europeans in Latin America, usually implies an upper class status.

Portuguese royal who ruled Brazil

Dom Pedro

For a short time after liberation from Spanish rule, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama were part of a single nation called

Gran Colombia

Toussaint L'Ouverture led a revolt that eventually resulted in independence for

Haiti

What did Father Jose Morelos want ?

He was a mestizo who called for wide-ranging and political reform, conditions for the majority of Mexicans, abolish slavey, and give vote for al men.

Haiti wins independence

In 1804 Napoleon Bonaparte sent armies to reconquer the colony. In April 1802 France agreed to a truce but then captured Taiussain and sent him to a prison where he died a year later. Fighting continued but in 1803 yellow fever destroyed the French army so they surrendered. 1804 they were declared an independent country and became a republic in 1820

Simon Bolivar (Venezuela)

In 1810 he led an uprising that established a republic that established a republic in his native Venezuela. Quickly toppled by conservative forces. Civil war ragged on in Venezuela for years. Bolivar was forced into excile on the island of Haiti. Then Bolivar conceived a plan to march his army across the Andes and attack the Spanish at Bogota. Finally in August 1819 he swooped down to take bogota from the surprise the Spanish.

Latin Americans of native American and European heritage

Mestizos

Father Miguel Hidalgo

Mexican priest who established independence movement among American Indians and mestizos in 1810; despite early victories, was captured and executed

Latin Americans of African and European descent

Mulattoes

Napoleon in Spain

Napoleon's invasion of Spain was the direct cause of the rebellions in Latin America. kicked out old king and put his brother, Joseph, in charge of Spain. Spanish fought back with help from the British.

Jose de San Martin

South American general and statesman, born in Argentina: leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, and Chile; protector of Peru

Peninsular

Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class.

Haitian Revolution

Toussaint l'Ouverture led this uprising, which in 1790 resulted in the successful overthrow of French colonial rule on this Caribbean island. Embittered by suffering and inspired by talk of liberty and equality. The fighting took more lives than any revolution in the Americas but by 1789 they abolished slavery and controlled most of the land.

Simon Bolivar

Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule

Unlike revolutions in other Latin American countries, Haiti's fight for freedom was

carried out by slaves

Father Jose Morelos

mestizo priest who called for wide-ranging reforms in Mexico, including an end to slavery; led a revolt

Dom Pedro

son of the Portugal King that ruled Brazil and declared it independent in 1822

Bolivar was also called..

"The liberator"

Brazil Independence

1820: John VI persuaded to leave Brazil and return to Portugal as constitutional monarch - Dom Pedro I (John's son) takes control of Brazil's government - Cortes (Portugal lawmaking body) tries to make Brazil colony again - 1822: Dom Pedro I declares Brazil independent from Portugal 1889: Pedro II overthrown and Brazil becomes republic

Mulatto

A person of mixed African and European ancestry

Mestizo

A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.

The unite Gran Colombia

After 1824 and the wars of independence, bolivar tried to unite the lands he liberated into on nation: grand Columbia. Before long gran Columbia split into four nations.

Mexican revolt (Father Jose Morelos)

Another priest picked up after Hidalgo named Father Jose Morelos. For four years he led forces before he was also captured and shot in 1815

Father Miguel Hidalgo's " el griot de Dolores" was a:

Call to fight for Mexican independence

By 1821 Bolivar had succeeded in freeing..

Caracas, Venezuela

What did the constitution the Dom Pedro accept provide?

Freedom of the press, freedom of religion, and elected legislature

San Martin

Led the Latin American armies over the Andes Mtns. and into Chile. Fought for independence in Chile and Peru. Fought with Bolivar

Mexican Revolt (Father Hidalgo)

On september 15, 1810 Father Hidalgo rang church bells that called for a fight for Mexican independence and constructed a ragged army of poor mestizos.Creoles supported at first but took back support bcause they feared they would lose power. Hidalgo was captured and executed and the first revolt failed.

In the 1700s Latin American political and social life was dominated by the

Peninsulares

Spanish-born Latin Americans of the highest social class

Peninsulares

How were slaves instrumental in achieving Haiti's influence

The army consisted of slaves

Where did Creoles get many of their revolutionary ideas?

They got revolutionary ideas from Enlightenment ideas. They also got them from the Declaration of Independence and The US Constitution.

mestizos and mulattoes we angry becuase

They were being denied the status, wealth, and power that were available to whites. Natives had land stolen from their ancestors and African Americans were worked as slaves

Tossaint L'Ouverture

[Haiti] 1804 Toussaint leads slave revolution to independence