Chapter 21

What Japanese policy does the island of Deshima represent?

Isolation

The huge commitment of Chinese troops against the forces of the Japanese leader Hideyoshi during his attempted invasion of ________ and China from 1592 to 1598 weakened the Ming dynasty and led to the rise of the Manchus.

Korea

One of the richest glimpses into local Chinese society comes from Pu Songling's __________ Tales from a Chinese Studio.

Strange

What name was given to an outgrowth of the criticism of the Wang Yangming school?

The Han learning movement

The conclusion that porcelain was the single most important commodity in the unfolding world commercial revolution between 1500 and 1800 is supported by which of the following:

The appearance of porcelain as home furnishings in almost all households of means.

The system devised under the Tokugawa bakufu (_______), referring to the shogun's official status as the emperor's mobile deputy was called sankin kotai, the "rule of alternate attendance"

"Tent government"

What percentage of the Japanese population lived in cities with populations above 10,000 in the latter part of the 18th century?

10

In Japan, a period of civil war erupted in 1467 and continued, off and on, until the ______

1570s

The Manchu state was divided into eight major military and ethnic divisions, each represented by a distinctive ______, and companies were formed of 300 fighters recruited from families represented by these means.

Banner

European manufacturers:

Began to produce their own porcelain starting in 1710.

The _____ East India Company, having established its base at Calcutta in 1690, soon sought to expand its operations to China

British

After 1699, the city of ______ became a center of European trade and diplomacy with China.

Canton

The eighteenth century proved to be a boon time for all involved in the ______ trade, and the British is particular increasingly viewed it as a valuable part of their growing commercial power.

Canton

A wholescale massacre of Japanese _________ followed in the wake of a rebellion against the government in 1637

Christians

Popular cultures in Chinese villages included all of the following except:

Confucianism

" ______ learning" was especially prized in Tokugawa period, with their representatives retaining yearly access to the shogunate and exerting influence on prominent Japanese intellectual.

Dutch

By 1557, the Portuguese had wrested the first European colony from the Chinese at _________, and they held it until 1999.

Macau

The Qing originated in what region of the map?

Manchuria

______ became a vital axis of world trade, with Chinese merchants exchanging spices and luxury goods for Spanish silver from the Americas.

Manila

By one estimate, in 1450 ______ of the Ming frontier military units had cannon and one-third of all troops carried firearms.

One-half

With the traditional threat from the borders now quashed, the reign of the _________ emperor, from 1736 to 1795, marked both the high point and the beginning of the decline of the Qing dynasty —— and the imperial China itself.

Qianlong

Jesuit missionaries were at times welcomed into China and Japan but were ultimately rejected as "subversive" elements by the _____ and Tokugawa

Qing

The Qing sought to safeguard the borders of the empire by reckoning with the Mongols and the ______ in the 1720s.

Tibetan Buddhists

The poetic form of haiku reached its golden age in the Tokugawa period, and the most renowned practitioner of the form, composure of ______- syllable couplets, was Matsuo Basho.

17

Spurred on by China's efficient agriculture, the population grew to ______ million by 1800.

300

The position of the military aristocracy in Japan was:

Absolute and unquestioned, in all matters of life and death.

Dorgon crossed the Great Wall into China in 1642:

At the invitation of a Chinese general.

In 1549 the Franciscan missing _____ landed in Japan.

Francis Xavier

Which countries in Europe developed porcelain factories in the 18th century?

Germany and England

The Qianlong emperor launched military expeditions against all of the following except:

Japan

What religious order trained their members in Chinese language and culture, in order to have a better chance at spreading Christianity?

Jesuits

Even with Japan's policy of seclusion, the government allowed merchants from China and _____ to visit Nagasaki.

Korea

Chikamatsu Monzaemon's most famous play is based on a real incident, in which the daimyo of 47 samurai was killed by a political opponent, leaving them as ________ - masterless.

Ronin

After a victory over the western coalition of daimyos, Tokugawa leyasu was made _____ in 1603.

Shogon

Ming land taxes were paid to the government in ______ via installments.

Silver

After another doubling of its population by 1800, China moved toward what some historical demographers have called a high-level equilibrium trap, a condition in which:

The land has reached its maximum potential for feeding a population, but the economy had not reached a point of disequilibrium

The _____ shoguns adopted Neo-Confucianism as the governing ideology, thus joining the commonwealth of Confucian "religious civilizations" in the region

Tokugawa

The Popes found Jesuit practices in China like ________ problematic.

Using tea and rice for the Eucharist instead of bread and wine

Ukiyo-e was a genre of _______ that was practiced by Kitagawa Utamaro in the late eighteenth and earth nineteenth centuries.

Woodblock printing

Some signs of economic stress were already present toward the end of Qianlong's reign, and chief among these was the problem of:

absentee landlordism

According to the infamous "_______ edict" in 1645, all males, regardless of ethnicity, were required on pain of death to adopt the Manchu hairstyle of a shaved forehead and long pigtail in the back.

queue