Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Oral herpes infections are more commonly caused by HSV-

1

The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, performed to diagnose syphilis, tests for ___.

antigens that appear in an infected host

HSV transmission can only be prevented by ___.

avoiding contact

Neurosyphilis can involve any part of the nervous system, but it shows particular affinity for ___.

blood vessels in the brain dorsal roots of the spinal cord cranial nerves

HPV is known to cause cancer in

both males and females

What is dysuria?

burning pain when urinating

The most common cause of vaginitis is the organism ___ ___.

candida albicans

What disease is caused by Neisseria and results in increased fluid discharge in both sexes?

Gonorrhea

Which of the following describe Gardnerella vaginalis?

Gram-positive Facultative anaerobe

Which type of streptococcal colonization is an important consideration in late term pregnancy?

Group B strep

Because those infected with N. gonorrhoeae are frequently coinfected with ___, treatment should target that organism as well.

chlamydia

The shedding of epithelial cells from the urinary tract lining is referred to as

desquamation

____ diseases are those sexually transmitted infections in which the infectious agent causes an increase in fluid excreted from male and female reproductive tracts.

discharge

E. coli species that causes UTIs ___.

exist as normal biota in the GI tract.

Trichomoniasis, ___, and ___ are genital discharge diseases.

gonorrhea, chlyamydia

All pregnant women should be screed for ___ colonization.

group B strep

The presence of red blood cells in urine is called __________.

hematuria

The initial infection with genital herpes ___.

is extremely variable

Which enzyme is responsible for binding iron and thus inhibiting bacterial growth?

lactoferrin

___ is an iron-binding protein that inhibits the growth of bacteria.

lactoferrin

Which of the following enzymes breaks down peptidoglycan?

lysozyme

the main sign/symptom of ___ is warts on the genital region.

molluscum contagiosum

An infection of the kidneys is called

nephritis

The main virulence factor for cancer-causing HPVs are ___, which code for proteins that interfere with normal cell division.

oncogenes

Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a ___.

poxvirus

___ is an inflammation of the prostate gland.

prostatitis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a

protozoan

The ___ system is responsible for the creation of offspring.

reproductive

___ is a vaginal infection with Gardnerella bacteria that does not induce vaginal inflammation.

vaginosis

___ is a type of an inflammatory vaginal infection that can be caused by Candida albicans, whereas ___ is a type of vaginal infection that can be caused by Gardnerella.

vaginitis ; vaginosis

Genital herpes is caused by ___.

virus

What is the main effect of genital molluscum contagiosum infection?

warts on the skin of genitals.

A woman should receive her first Pap smear ___

within 3 years of her first sexual relationship

Candida albicans causes a ___, otherwise known as vaginitis.

yeast infections

What population has the highest rate of HPV infection?

young women

Ten to forty pecent of women in the U.S. are colonized asymptomatically by a group ___ Streptococcus in their reproductive tract.

B

Which of the following statements regarding infection with Trichomonas vaginalis are correct?

Chronis infection may lead to infertility Chronic infection can make a person more susceptible to HIV infection

True or false: After an initial infection with Herpes simplex virus, a person will not exhibit symptoms.

False

which of the following is a bacterial cause of vaginal infection?

Gardnerella vaginalis

Choose all of the correct statements regarding treatment of Chlamydia infection.

Many people with chlamydia infection are coinfected with N. gonorrhoeae and both should be treated. Treatment of all sexual partners is recommended to prevent reinfection. Patients should be rechecked 3-4 months after treatment. Treatment with antibiotics is generally effective.

Which of the following STIs result in wart-like growths?

Molluscum contagiosum HPV infection

What does the term 'microbiota' mean?

The normal resident microbes in the human body.

Many infections with ___ are asymptomatic in both males and females, but if symptoms are present, itching and vaginal inflammation are usually the most predominant.

Trichomonas

Which of the following describes human papillomaviruses?

specific to skin and mucous membranes DNA viruses Can cause warts in many areas of the body

Which of the following are the signs/symptoms of chacroid?

swollen inguinal lymph nods soft chancre

___ is a sexually transmitted bacterial disease caused by Treponema pallidum that results in genital ulcers.

syphilitis

Secondary syphilis is characterized by

systemic rashes hair loss

In the second phase of leptospitosis

the blood infection is cleared by the body's natural defenses

True or false: The current drugs used for HSV infection are effective in reducing transmission and lessening the severity of a recurrence, but they are not curative.

true

True or false: Persons with syphilis often have an additional infection with another STI.

true.

Genital herpes, syphilis, and chancroid are considered genital ___ diseases.

ulcer

The change of HIV infection is greatly increased with the open lesions seen in a genital disease.

ulcer

An infection of the urethra is called:

urethritis

The ___ system includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.

urinary

The ___ system removes substances from the blood, regulates body processes, and transports wastes out of the body.

urinary

What infection results in inflammation of the vagina and presents with some degree of vaginal itching?

vaginitis

___ is an inflammation of the vagina, characterized by some degree of vaginal itching.

vaginitis

True or false: The microbial composition of the urinary tract is largely the same in men and women.

False

Which of the following should receive the HPV vaccine?

Females up to age 26 who were not vaccinated earlier Boys age 11-12 Girls age 11-12

Genital herpes infections are more commonly caused by which agent?

HSV-2

What acronym is used to describe infections of the urinary system?

UTI

Which two means are effective at preventing HPV infection?

Vaccine avoid direct contact with infected

Chlamydia infection ___ prevented by vaccination.

cannot be

Neisseria gonorrhaeae grows best in an atmosphere containing increased ___.

carbon dioxide

A urinary tract infection designated CA-UTI is ___.

catheter-associated

A ____ is the primary sore of syphilis that forms at the site of penetration by Treponema pallidum.

chancre

Which genital ulcer disease is caused by Haemophilus, a pleomorphic gram-negative rob bacterium?

chancroid

HPV's are responsible for causing

common warts flat warts plantar warts

An inexpensive, effective means of protection from primary syphilis is ___.

condom use

A syphilis infection of the fetus or newborn acquired from maternal infection in utero is called ___ syphilis.

congenital

An infection of the bladder is called

cystitis

The core of an effective syphilis prevention program is ___.

detecting and treating sexual contacts

The vast majority of cervical cancers are caused by ___ infections.

human papillomavirus

Candida albicans is a(n) ___ pathogen.

opportunistic

The best screening procedure for cervical cancer is the ___ ___.

pap smear

The standard procedure used to detect cervical changes that might indicate cancer is called the ___ ____.

pap smear

The colonization with group B Streptococcus is a serious health concern in which group of women?

pregnant women

The ___ stage of syphilis is characterized by the appearance of a chancre at the site of pathogen entry.

primary

Gonorrhea infections can be prevented by which of the following means?

safe sex practices

What term is used to describe inflammation of the fallopian tubes?

salpingitis

Genital HPV infection is transmitted most commonly by ___ contact.

sexual

The genital discharge diseases are most often transmitted by ___ .

sexual contact

Infections that are transmitted through intimate physical contact are referred to as ___ infections.

sexually transmitted