Chapter 21 Meghan Jones
The reformer Robert Owens sought to...
create a single large national union for British workers
Who were the Luddites?
British handicraft workers who attacked factories and destroyed machinery they believed were putting them out of work
The law that outlawed labor unions and strikes in Britain was...
Combination Acts of 1799
The Crystal Palace exhibition of 1851 commemorated the ...
Industrial dominance of Britain
To move from the laboratory into manufacturing, James Watt's steam engine needed all of the following except...
a single, distinct industrial use
William Cockerill was...
an English carpenter who built cotton-spinning equipment in Belgium
Friedrich List believed that Industrial development should pursed...
as a part of a project of economic nationalism led by the state
The key development that allowed continental banks to shed their earlier conservative nature was...
establishment of limited liability investment
All of the following correctly characterizes the industrial growth patterns in Europe except...
following the Napoleonic wars, France experienced a boom in factory production
How did the origins of industrialists change as the Industrial Revolution progressed?
it became harder to form new firms and instead industrialists were increasingly likely to have inherited their wealth
British economist Thomas Malthus argued that...
population always grew faster than the food supply
In Germany, Fritz Harkort...
sought to match English achievements in machine production as quickly as possible even at great, unprofitable expense
In the Condition of the Working Class in England, Friedrick Engels stated that...
the British middle class were guilty of "mass murder" and "wholesale robbery"
The difficulties faced by the continental economies in their efforts to compete with the British included all of the following except...
the resistance of land owning elites
Workers resisted moving from cottage work into factories for all of the following reasons except...
they received substantially lower wages than cottage work
the tendency to hire family units in the early factories was...
usually a response to the wishes of the families
In the "separate spheres" pattern of gender relationships...
women generally stopped working outside of the home after the first child was born
How was the life of nonagricultural workers transformed between 1760 and 1830?
workers worked many more days per year
The major breakthrough in energy and power supplies that catalyzed the Industrial Revolution was...
James Watt's steam engine, developed and marketed between the 1760s and the 1780s
The key demand of Chartist movement was that...
all men be given the right to vote
How did class consciousness form during the Industrial Revolution?
class consciousness formed because many individuals came to believe that classes existed and developed a sense of class feeling
How did cotton transform the textile industry?
cotton could be spun mechanically with much greater efficiency than wool or flax helping to solve the shortage of thread for textile production
How did labor in British families change in the 18th century?
family members shifted labor away from unpaid work for household consumption and toward work for wages
Railroad construction on the continent...
featured varying degrees of government involvement
The Factory Act of 1833
limited the work of children and there by broke the pattern of families working together in factories
How did the expansion in the cotton clothing affect western dress?
most people began to wear underwear
Which one of the following best characterizes British economy between 1780 and 1851?
much of the growth of the gross nation product was eaten up by population growth
Which of the following best explains David Ricardo's Iron Law of Wages?
the pressure of the population growth would always sink wages to subsistence level
Why did 18th century Britain have a shortage of wood?
wood had been over harvested; it was the primary source of heat in all homes and basic raw material in industry
Scholarly statistical studies of the condition of members of the British working class indicate that ...
improvement did not one until after 1820
How did railroads affect the nature of production?
markets became broader, encouraging manufacturers to create larger factories with more sophisticated machines
As major railroads construction came to a close in Britain, what happened to the workers who built those lines?
they drifted to towns and cities in search of employment and became urban laborers
How did older members of the population seek to control sexuality of the working class youths?
they supported the establishment of sex-segregated employment
