Chapter 21 practice quiz

The Commissioner of Indian Affairs who launched an "Indian New Deal" that ended a policy of forced assimilation and allowed Indians unprecedented cultural autonomy, and who secured the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, was a. John Collier. b. Francis Perkins. c. Ernest Lundeen. d. Robert Wagner.

a. (John Collier.)

Who authored The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money and asserted that large-scale government deficit-spending was appropriate during economic downturns? a. John Maynard Keynes b. Alfred Landon c. Charles Evans Hughes d. Arthur Schlesinger

a. (John Maynard Keynes)

Franklin Roosevelt appointed who, a prominent educator, as special adviser on minority affairs? a. Mary McLeod Bethune b. W. E. B. Du Bois c. Booker T. Washington d. Harold Ickes

a. (Mary McLeod Bethune)

Which of the following was not a contributing factor in the winding down of New Deal reform by the late 1930s? a. a belief that the New Deal, having vanquished the Great Depression, was no longer necessary b. a feeling that President Roosevelt had grown too arrogant and powerful c. mounting concern that the New Deal was encouraging racial equality and labor radicalism d. a shift in public attention from domestic issues to the gathering crisis in Europe

a. (a belief that the New Deal, having vanquished the Great Depression, was no longer necessary)

The emphasis of the Second New Deal was on a. economic security, in an effort to protect Americans against poverty and unemployment. b. economic recovery, creating government programs to address the immediate needs of the unemployed. c. civil rights for African-Americans. d. protecting the rights of businesses, especially small businesses.

a. (economic security, in an effort to protect Americans against poverty and unemployment.)

Which of the following was not a significant motivation behind the New Deal? a. reviving America's commitment to family values at a time when they seemed to be in decline b. restoring the vitality of American agriculture, industry, and finance c. relieving the plight of the hungry, the homeless, and the jobless d. diminishing inequality and injustice in American society

a. (reviving America's commitment to family values at a time when they seemed to be in decline)

The initial flurry of legislation during Roosevelt's first three months in office is called a. the "Hundred Days." b. the "Push for Unity." c. the "Second New Deal." d. the "Reconstruction Finance Corporation."

a. (the "Hundred Days.")

The effort undertaken on the part of the federal government to supply cheap electrical power for homes and factories in a seven-state region, preventing flooding, and putting the federal government in the business of selling electricity by building a series of dams was called a. the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). b. the Public Works Administration (PWA). c. the National Industrial Recovery Administration (NIRA). d. the Glass-Steigal Act.

a. (the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).)

What 1935 law outlawed "unfair labor practices," and was known at the time as "Labor's Magna Carta"? a. the Wagner Act b. the Social Security Act c. the Fair Labor Standards Act d. the Works Progress Act

a. (the Wagner Act)

Which was not the case with regard to American labor and workers in 1934? a. There were more than 2,000 strikes across the country. b. Farmers from California to Maine led a general strike for shorter hours, better pay, and improved working conditions. c. Ten thousand striking workers in the auto industry in Toledo, Ohio, battled with police in a seven-hour fight. d. A four-month strike by truck drivers in Minneapolis, Minnesota led the governor to declare martial law.

b. (Farmers from California to Maine led a general strike for shorter hours, better pay, and improved working conditions.)

The House of Representatives' Un-American Activities Committee, established in 1938, set out to investigate disloyalty with an expansive definition of "un-American" that included all of the following groups, except a. the left wing of the Democratic Party. b. the right wing of the Republican Party. c. communists. d. labor radicals.

b. (the right wing of the Republican Party.)

A major slogan of popular protest during the 1930s was a. "Freedom of contract." b. "Save the bald eagle." c. "Don't buy where you can't work." d. all of the above.

c. ("Don't buy where you can't work.")

Which was not a decision of the United States Supreme Court in 1934-1936 concerning New Deal legislation? a. It declared the AAA an unconstitutional exercise of congressional power over local economic activity. b. It declared the NRA unconstitutional in a case brought by the Schechter Poultry Company of Brooklyn, New York. c. It declared the Civilian Conservation Corps constitutional, insofar as it abided the interstate commerce clause in the United States Constitution. d. It ruled that New York State could not establish a minimum wage for women and children.

c. (It declared the Civilian Conservation Corps constitutional, insofar as it abided the interstate commerce clause in the United States Constitution.)

Which of the following was not a theme of Popular Front radicalism? a. Ethnic, racial, and religious discrimination must be overcome. b. Organized labor must play a leading role in the struggle for social justice. c. The denial of civil liberties must be challenged wherever it arises—from capitalist America to communist Russia. d. America should celebrate its heritage of cultural diversity.

c. (The denial of civil liberties must be challenged wherever it arises—from capitalist America to communist Russia)

Which of the following was not a key factor in Franklin Roosevelt's landslide victory over Herbert Hoover in 1932? a. Many felt that Hoover lacked an effective response to the economic crisis. b. Many felt that Hoover was too detached from the hardships of ordinary Americans. c. Voters were impressed by the elaborate blueprints for Roosevelt's New Deal program. d. Roosevelt's energy and optimism inspired confidence in his leadership potential.

c. (Voters were impressed by the elaborate blueprints for Roosevelt's New Deal program.)

In March 1933, Congress established the federal government as a direct employer of the unemployed when it authorized the hiring of young men to work on projects to improve national parks, forests, and flood control, called a. the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. b. the Economy Act. c. the Civilian Conservation Corps. d. the Public Works Administration.

c. (the Civilian Conservation Corps.)

In the mid-1930s, Unions of industrial workers, led by John L. Lewis, founded a new labor organization, called a. the American Federation of Labor. b. the Industrial Workers of the World. c. the Congress of Industrial Organizations. d. the Knights of Labor.

c. (the Congress of Industrial Organizations.)

The National Recovery Administration (NRA), headed by Hugh S. Johnson, set codes that set prices and wages in many American industries; the NRA's symbol, which stores and factories that abided by the code displayed, was a. an image of an unemployed worker. b. the rising sun. c. the blue eagle. d. a Native American Indian.

c. (the blue eagle.)

In addressing the sense of crisis in the nation, Franklin Delano Roosevelt sought to reassure the public in his inaugural address, declaring a. "never in the course of human conflict, have so many owed so much to so few." b. "we shall fight them on the beaches . . . we shall never be defeated." c. "we must let the rot work itself out of the system." d. "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself."

d. ("the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.")

Who was not a member of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's "brains trust" at the outset of his presidency? Topic: Coming of the New Deal a. Frances Perkins b. Harold Ickes c. Harry Hopkins d. Andrew Mellon

d. (Andrew Mellon)

Which is not true of Franklin D. Roosevelt? a. He served as undersecretary of the navy during World War I. b. He ran for vice president on the Democratic Party ticket in 1920. c. He contracted polio and loss the use of his legs in 1921. d. He served as governor of Massachusetts in the 1920s.

d. (He served as governor of Massachusetts in the 1920s.)

Conservative critics of the New Deal regularly argued that a. the expansion of federal power posed a threat to American liberty. b. New Deal relief programs undermined individual self-reliance. c. excessive spending and regulation by Washington hurt the nation's economic prospects. d. all of the above.

d. (all of the above.)

The Civil Works Administration (CWA), employed more than 4 million persons in a. Civil Rights work, seeking to overcome racism. b. offering etiquette lessons to youngsters from impoverished urban and rural settings. c. post offices, hospitals, and government offices. d. construction of tunnels, highways, courthouses, and airports.

d. (construction of tunnels, highways, courthouses, and airports.)

Which of the following was not a key thrust of the Second New Deal? a. the right of workers to opt, by majority ballot, for union representation b. redistribution of national income through taxation c. financial assistance for the unemployed and the elderly d. guaranteed health care for every American citizen

d. (guaranteed health care for every American citizen)

Which was not created by the Social Security Act of 1935, which launched the American welfare state? a. a system of unemployment insurance b. a system of old-age pensions c. a system of aid to families with dependent children d. minimum wage and child labor laws

d. (minimum wage and child labor laws)

At a time of widespread hunger in the United States, the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) did all of the following, except a. ordered 6 million pigs destroyed. b. ordered destruction of many crops already planted. c. set production quotas for major crops and paid farmers not to plant some crops. d. ordered a vast expansion in the production of cotton, wheat, barley, and corn across the Midwest in an effort to stave off hunger and starvation.

d. (ordered a vast expansion in the production of cotton, wheat, barley, and corn across the Midwest in an effort to stave off hunger and starvation.)