Chapter 21 Smartbook

How did the British naval blockade of Germany threaten the ability of the United States to maintain its neutrality?

The U.S. ended trade with Germany but continued it with Britain.

In World War I, the American Expeditionary Forces were led by ______.

General John J. Pershing

What country lost the highest number of soldiers during World War I?

Germany

Which of the following statements about the status of the German war effort in November 1918 are true?

-A convoy system had mostly neutralized the German U-boat threat. -Hundreds of thousands of German soldiers had been captured. -Allied forces were on the verge of invading the German homeland.

Competing claims over ______ led to war between Japan and Russia in 1904.

Manchuria

At first, Roosevelt favored construction of a channel in ______.

Nicaragua

As Wilson's support for military preparedness grew in 1915 and 1916, the peace faction of the Democratic Party ______.

Remained strong and active

What happened at a peace conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1905?

Roosevelt pressured Russia to accept Japan's territorial gains.

Great Britain

Roosevelt wanted the U.S. government to police the world. He built up the navy until, by 1906, it was second in size only to the navy of ______.

The 1917 law that created a national draft to enlist soldiers to fight in the First World War was known as the ______.

Selective Service Act

The term Dollar Diplomacy primarily referred to ______.

Taft's efforts to extend American investments into less-developed regions

Immediately following World War I, the American economy ______.

continued its boom

World War I emerged most directly out of a(n) ______.

controversy involving nationalist movements in the Austro-Hungarian Empire

The "Great Migration" of African Americans that began during the war was primarily a movement ______.

from the rural South to the industrial cities of the North

Ratified in the summer of 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment ______.

guaranteed women the right to vote

The sacrifice of Black soldiers in the war ______.

had almost no impact on white racial attitudes

By the end of the 1920s, Marcus Garvey's personal influence ______.

had declined, though Black nationalism continued to attract followers

Which of the following contributed to workers' discontent in 1919?

inflation difficult working conditions the return of veterans to the workforce

The motivation of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge for obstructing the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles can best be characterized as ______.

political

The Fourteen Points are best described as the ______.

principles for which Wilson believed the nation was fighting

When the Treaty of Versailles was sent to the Senate by the Foreign Relations Committee with nearly fifty amendments and reservations, Wilson ______.

refused to accept any of them

The foreign policy of William Howard Taft was most concerned with ______.

the advancement of U.S. economic interests

According to the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the United States had the right to intervene in ______.

the domestic affairs of any neighbor unable to maintain order

The Committee on Public Information encouraged reporters to exercise "self-censorship" when covering the war.

True

Which of the following historical events is most likely to have had an indirect relationship to the arrest and conviction of Sacco and Vanzetti?

The red scare

Which of the following statements are true regarding the state of the American army on the ground after the Meuse-Argonne offensive in October 1918?

They had massive casualties. They suffered from low morale.

What happened to most of those arrested in the Palmer Raids?

They were released

To Wilson, a broader purpose for U.S. intervention was ______.

a new era of democracy, open diplomacy, and self-determination

The heavy-handed actions of the federal government during the Red Scare led to ______.

a powerful backlash that gave new force to the Bill of Rights

The Paris Peace Conference was characterized by which of the following?

a spirit of national self-interest a sense of unease about communism

The most conspicuous method that the government used to engender support for the war was ______.

a vast journalistic propaganda campaign

To Wilson, the most important victory at the Paris Peace Conference was ______.

acceptance of the covenant of the League of Nations

In 1919, the racial climate in the United States ______.

worsened in both the North and the South

A trade agreement reached by Japan and the United States in 1905 ______.

fell apart in the years that followed

The new Bolshevik rulers of Russia ______ at the Paris Peace Conference.

were unrepresented

Marcus Garvey urged his followers to do which of the following?

-create Black-owned businesses -build a new society in Africa -have pride in their own race and culture

The Sabotage Act and the Sedition Act, both passed in 1918, ______.

-expanded the meaning of the Espionage Act -allowed officials to prosecute citizens who dared to criticize the president or the government -made it illegal for people to say in public that they opposed the war

Which of the following were significant in prompting the Red Scare?

-explosions in eight cities within minutes of one another -the formation of the Communist -International interception by the post office of parcels containing explosives

Which of the following prompted the United States to enter the war against Germany in 1917?

-German naval strategy -threats to U.S. commerce -the Zimmermann Telegram

Which of the following statements about the Espionage Act of 1917 are true?

-It embraced a broad definition of "obstruction of the war effort." -It gave the government new tools with which to combat spying and sabotage.

Which of the following were among the problems faced by President Wilson at home as the war came to a close?

-Republicans captured majorities in both the House and the Senate. -Domestic economic troubles weighed more heavily than peace negotiations in the elections.

Wilson's Fourteen Points included which of the following?

-a proposal for a League of Nations -recommendations for adjusting postwar boundaries -general principles for governing international conduct

In his dealings with Mexico, Wilson ______.

-alternately supported and opposed a series of leaders who were vying for power -on two occasions sent troops across the border, where they clashed violently with the Mexican army

Between 1920 and 1921, postwar inflation caused a severe recession marked by which of the following?

-the loss of nearly 5 million jobs -a sharp decline in the gross national product -the bankruptcy of 100,000 businesses

The negotiations to build the canal were initially done with what country that owned the land?

Columbia

Which of the following statements about the standing army of the United States at the time it entered the war in 1917 is correct?

Enlistments were not adequate, so a national draft was instituted.

As their case moved through the legal system, public support for Sacco and Vanzetti ______.

Grew significantly

Which of the following statements about Republican Warren Harding's presidential campaign of 1920 are correct?

He promised to return the country to "normalcy." He offered few concrete proposals and no soaring ideals.

Which of the following statements about the last eighteen months of Woodrow Wilson's presidency are correct?

He was infirm and engaged in a limited official schedule. He became even more resistant to compromise.

Which of the following statements are correct about a work stoppage by thousands of steelworkers in September 1919?

It led to the death of eighteen strikers. It was widely opposed by the public.

Which of the following statements about trench warfare during World War I are correct?

It replaced the old way of fighting in open fields. It could not protect troops from mustard gas. It sheltered troops from machine guns and artillery.

Which of the following statements about the new military technology that was used in World War I are true?

It required elaborate maintenance. It led to trench warfare.

Which of the following statements about Wilson's campaign to get the Senate to ratify the Treaty of Versailles is true?

It was a grueling, cross-country speaking tour that exhausted Wilson and eventually resulted in him suffering a stroke.

In the presidential election of 1916, ______.

Woodrow Wilson won by a small margin

Wilson angered Republicans when he:

did not appoint any Republicans to the negotiating team at the Paris Peace Conference.

Which of the following made it difficult for the United States to deal with the belligerents on equal terms?

extensive trade ties with Britain public sympathies for Britain

Which of the following was a main cause of both the U.S. involvement in Nicaragua and the U.S. purchase of the Virgin Islands?

fear of European influence

Racially motivated riots were not new in American history, but the riots of 1919 differed from those prior to World War I in that they ______.

involved African Americans fighting back against white people's attacks

The American Expeditionary Forces ______.

joined Allied forces in turning back a series of new German assaults

When he began his tenure as president, Wilson's experience in international affairs was ______.

limited

Which of the following are weapons that first came into wide use in World War I?

mustard gas tanks

Out of the postwar turmoil, Supreme Court jurisprudence began to ______.

robustly defend the right to free speech

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, whose assassination sparked the war, was a key figure in ______.

the Austro-Hungarian Empire

The first opportunity for using the Roosevelt Corollary was a crisis in ______.

the Dominican Republic

Wavering U.S. support of a series of Mexican leaders between 1911 and 1913 rose and fell on the basis of ______.

their treatment of U.S. business interests

What was the purpose of the "war boards" that organized the national economy into specific sectors?

to meet essential war needs without paralyzing the domestic economy

War expenses ______.

vastly increased the federal budget

The so-called irreconcilables in the U.S. Senate opposed ratification of the Treaty of Versailles because they ______.

wanted to remain free of binding foreign entanglements