Chapter 21-The Respiratory System-D2L Questions-A and P II-Biol 2402
Which law states that each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure? A.Dalton's law B.Boyle's law C.Charles' law D.Henry's law
A.Dalton's law
Which of the following correctly describes the histological transition from bronchi into smaller branches in the bronchial tree? A.The amount of smooth muscle increases in the smaller passageways of the bronchial tree. B.More hyaline cartilage is found in the smaller passageways of the bronchial tree. C.The lining changes from respiratory epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium. D.The rings of cartilage completely disappear during the transition from the trachea into the bronchial tree.
A.The amount of smooth muscle increases in the smaller passageways of the bronchial tree.
Air inspired through the nasal cavity will travel through the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and then the laryngopharynx before entering the larynx. A.True B.False
A.True
Alveolar surface tension determines lung compliance. A.True B.False
A.True
Most inspired particles, such as dust, fail to reach the lungs because of the ciliated mucous membrane lining the upper respiratory structures. A.True B.False
A.True
Terminal bronchioles, part of the conducting zone, give rise to respiratory bronchioles, which are part of the respiratory zone. A.True B.False
A.True
The last tracheal ring of cartilage, known as the carina, has sensory receptors that can trigger a cough reflex. A.True B.False
A.True
The partial pressure gradient of oxygen determines the direction of the movement of this respiratory gas. A.True B.False
A.True
The upper respiratory tract includes the passageways from the nasal cavity to the larynx. A.True B.False
A.True
What is part of the respiratory zone? A.alveoli B.nose C.trachea D.nasal cavity
A.alveoli
How is most oxygen transported in the blood? A.bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin B.as carbonic acid in the plasma C.combined with hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin D.as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma
A.bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin
Carbon dioxide and water combine to form: A.carbonic acid. B.carbaminohemoglobin. C.nitric acid. D.hydrochloric acid.
A.carbonic acid.
What is typical of restrictive lung diseases? A.decreased pulmonary compliance B.decreased alveolar surface tension C.increased vital capacity D.decreased efficiency of expiration
A.decreased pulmonary compliance
Each of the following factors affects the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange EXCEPT: A.diameter of an alveolus. B.thickness of the respiratory membrane. C.surface area of the respiratory membrane. D.partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries.
A.diameter of an alveolus.
What flap of elastic cartilage keeps food and liquids from entering the larynx during swallowing? A.epiglottis B.corniculate cartilage C.thyroid cartilage D.arytenoid cartilage
A.epiglottis
What is NOT true of the effects of hypoventilation? A.hydrogen ion concentration in the blood decreases B.blood pH decreases C.partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in the blood increases D.carbonic acid concentration in the blood increases
A.hydrogen ion concentration in the blood decreases
Respiratory acidosis results from: A.hypoventilation. B.hypoxia. C.hyperventilation. D.hypocapnia.
A.hypoventilation.
The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen increases with: A.increased BPG (2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate). B.increased body temperature. C.increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide. D.increased hydrogen ion concentration.
A.increased BPG (2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate).
Each secondary bronchus supplies air to a: A.lobe of the lung. B.hilum. C.lobule of the lung. D.bronchopulmonary segment.
A.lobe of the lung.
Peripheral chemoreceptors are most sensitive to: A.partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in arterial blood. B.concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood. C.concentration of hydrogen ions in cerebrospinal fluid. D.partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in the blood.
A.partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in arterial blood.
The larynx lining transitions at the vocal cords from stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium to: A.pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. B.simple squamous epithelium. C.transitional epithelium. D.simple columnar epithelium.
A.pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
The majority of the nasal cavity is lined with: A.pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. B.simple squamous epithelium. C.simple cuboidal epithelium. D.transitional epithelium.
A.pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
The volume that remains in the lungs after a forced expiration is the: A.residual volume. B.functional residual capacity. C.vital capacity. D.dead space volume.
A.residual volume.
What is the function of the goblet cells? A.secrete mucus B.produce speech C.detect odors D.maintain acid-base balance
A.secrete mucus
What is the function of the goblet cells? A.secrete mucus B.produce speech C.detect odors D.maintain acid-base balance
A.secrete mucus
Which epithelium forms the alveoli? A.simple squamous epithelium B.pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium C.simple columnar epithelium D.stratified squamous epithelium
A.simple squamous epithelium
Vital capacity = A.tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume B.expiratory reserve volume + residual volume C.inspiratory reserve volume + residual volume D.inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + residual volume
A.tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume
The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in a pulmonary capillary is about 40 mm Hg. Determine the partial pressure that will promote movement of oxygen into the pulmonary capillary from air in the alveolus. A.18 mm Hg B.104 mm Hg C.40 mm Hg D.35 mm Hg
B.104 mm Hg
A fully saturated hemoglobin molecule transports: A.1 molecule of oxygen B.4 molecules of oxygen C.8 molecules of oxygen D.2 molecules of oxygen
B.4 molecules of oxygen
If the ventral respiratory group (VRG) of neurons was destroyed: A.pulmonary ventilation would increase rapidly. B.breathing would stop. C.alveolar ventilation would increase. D.tidal volumes would increase.
B.Breathing would stop.
Rings of cartilage increase in number while smooth muscle presence decreases as the bronchi branch and become smaller in the conducting zone. A.True B.False
B.False
Surfactant helps prevent atelectasis by humidifying air before it enters the alveoli. A.True B.False
B.False
The bulk of carbon dioxide is carried chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin in the RBCs. A.True B.False
B.False
The lungs are held to the thorax wall by the smooth muscles of the lungs. A.True B.False
B.False
The pharynx is known as the voice box due to the presence of vocal ligaments that vibrate to produce sound. A.True B.False
B.False
The respiratory membrane is a combination of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs. A.True B.False
B.False
Carbon dioxide has a relatively high solubility in blood plasma although it has a very low partial pressure. What law describes this phenomenon? A.Charles' law B.Henry's law C.Dalton's law D.Boyle's law
B.Henry's law
Eupnea is controlled by the: A.Glossopharyngeal nerve B.Respiratory pattern generator (RPG) C.Apneustic center D.Pneumotaxic center
B.Respiratory pattern generator (RPG)
What does NOT contribute to the formation of the respiratory membrane? A.Basal lamina of the type I alveolar cells B.Type II alveolar cells C.Capillary endothelial cells D.Type I alveolar cells
B.Type II alveolar cells
Which of the following accompanies emphysema? A.pulmonary compliance decreases B.alveoli collapse and surface area is lost C.decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood D.increase in vital capacity
B.alveoli collapse and surface area is lost
What happens to the lungs if intrapleural pressure equals or increases above atmospheric pressure? A.overinflation B.collapse C.inhalation D.burst
B.collapse
The mucosa of the carina contains sensory receptors that trigger: A.sneezing. B.coughing. C.yawning. D.hiccups.
B.coughing.
What primarily determines airway resistance in the respiratory passageways? A.elasticity of the lung tissues B.diameter of the conducting zone passageway C.degree of alveolar surface tension D.presence of surfactant
B.diameter of the conducting zone passageway
What primarily determines airway resistance in the respiratory passageways? A.elasticity of the lung tissues B.diameter of the conducting zone passageways C.degree of alveolar surface tension D.presence of surfactant
B.diameter of the conducting zone passageways
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is: A.equal to atmospheric pressure. B.greater than atmospheric pressure. C.less than atmospheric pressure. D.less than intrapleural pressure.
B.greater than atmospheric pressure.
The triangular depression in the medial surface of each lung, where blood vessels and the primary bronchi enter, is the: A.lobule. B.hilum. C.base. D.apex.
B.hilum.
Considering the role of the chemoreceptor in the regulation of the respiration rate, the most important stimulus that induces changes in ventilation is: A.partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in pulmonary capillaries. B.partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in arterial blood. C.partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in systemic capillaries. D.partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in venous blood.
B.partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in arterial blood.
What reduces friction around the lungs as they expand and contract? A.synovial fluid B.pleural fluid C.surfactant D.mucus
B.pleural fluid
Upon removal of the larynx, a person would no longer be able to: A.swallow. B.produce sounds. C.sneeze. D.cough.
B.produce sounds.
The larynx lining transitions at the vocal cords from stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium to: A.transitional epithelium. B.pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. C.simple columnar epithelium. D.simple squamous epithelium.
B.pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
Which process of respiration relies on partial pressure gradients to move air in and out of the lungs? A.both gas transport and pulmonary ventilation B.pulmonary ventilation C.gas transport D.both pulmonary gas exchange and tissue gas exchange
B.pulmonary ventilation
The process of respiration that moves air into and out of the lungs is: A.pulmonary gas exchange. B.pulmonary ventilation. C.gas transport. D.tissue gas exchange.
B.pulmonary ventilation.
Which of the following is a factor on which expiration depends? A.increase in lung volume B.recoil of elastic tissue in the lungs C.contraction of expiratory muscles D.decrease in intrapulmonary pressure
B.recoil of elastic tissue in the lungs
Which of the following reduces alveolar surface tension? A.mucus B.surfactant C.water D.gas
B.surfactant
Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract? A.pharynx B.trachea C.nose D.larynx
B.trachea
What would increase the amount of oxygen unloaded by hemoglobin into peripheral tissues? A.decreased levels of BPG (2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate) B.decreased levels of PCO2 C.decreased pH D.decreased temperature
C.Decreased pH
Why are the rings of cartilage surrounding the trachea C-shaped? A.The C rings of cartilage keep the trachea patent (open). B.The C rings of cartilage allow the trachea to change diameter during breathing. C.The C rings of cartilage allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing, allow the trachea to change diameter during breathing, and keep the trachea patent (open). D.The C rings of cartilage allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing.
C.The C rings of cartilage allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing, allow the trachea to change diameter during breathing, and keep the trachea patent (open).
What is the advantage of breathing through the nose rather than the mouth? A.The nose provides a site for initial gas exchange. B.The nose is a less turbulent environment than the mouth. C.The nose warms, humidifies, and filters inhaled air. D.The nose provides a more direct route over which air will travel.
C.The nose warms, humidifies, and filters inhaled air.
What statement best describes tidal volume? A.Tidal volume is the air exhaled after normal inspiration. B.Tidal volume is the air remaining in the lungs after forced expiration. C.Tidal volume is the air exchanged during normal breathing. D.Tidal volume is the air forcibly expelled after normal expiration.
C.Tidal volume is the air exchanged during normal breathing.
Which bone lacks a paranasal sinus? A.Ethmoid B.Maxillary C.Zygomatic D.Frontal
C.Zygomatic
Air entering the respiratory system travels from the respiratory bronchioles to the: A.alveolar sacs. B.tertiary bronchi. C.alveolar ducts. D.terminal bronchioles.
C.alveolar ducts.
What cells clean and digest debris entering the alveoli? A.goblet cells B.type II alveolar cells C.alveolar macrophages D.type I alveolar cells
C.alveolar macrophages
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported: A.dissolved in plasma. B.as carbaminohemoglobin. C.as the bicarbonate ion. D.as carbonic acid.
C.as the bicarbonate ion.
The respiratory system does NOT function in: A.odor detection. B.speech production. C.blood cell production. D.acid-base homeostasis.
C.blood cell production.
Central chemoreceptors monitor: A.partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the blood. B.stretch in the walls of the trachea and bronchi. C.hydrogen ion concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). D.blood pressure.
C.hydrogen ion concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Predict what happens to air movement when atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg, intrapulmonary pressure is 758 mm Hg, and intrapleural pressure is 754 mm Hg. A.no air movement B.exhalation C.inhalation D.atelectasis
C.inhalation
What increases air turbulence to extract dust and other debris from air traveling through the nasal cavity? A.septal cartilage B.vestibule C.nasal conchae and meatuses D.posterior nares
C.nasal conchae and meatuses
In what order does air inhaled through the nose travel, from superior to inferior? A.laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx B.oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx C.nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx D.nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx
C.nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Each lung is situated within a subcavity of the thoracic cavity known as the: A.pericardial cavity. B.abdominopelvic cavity. C.pleural cavity. D.peritoneal cavity.
C.pleural cavity.
The larynx lining transitions at the vocal cords from stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium to: A.transitional epithelium. B.simple columnar epithelium. C.pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. D.simple squamous epithelium.
C.pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
Which process of respiration relies on partial pressure gradients to move air in and out of the lungs? A.gas transport B.both pulmonary gas exchange and tissue gas exchange C.pulmonary ventilation D.both gas transport and pulmonary ventilation
C.pulmonary ventilation
Which of the following counteracts the movement of bicarbonate ions from the RBCs? A.ventilation-perfusion matching B.Dalton's law C.the chloride shift D.the Bohr effect
C.the chloride shift
What type of alveolar cell produces surfactant? A.type I alveolar cells B.alveolar macrophages C.type II alveolar cells D.dust cells
C.type II alveolar cells
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in the blood of pulmonary capillaries is approximately: A.70 mm Hg B.50 mm Hg C.35 mm Hg D.45 mm Hg
D.45 mm Hg
What part of the following description is INCORRECT? Contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles leads to increased volume in the thoracic cavity and the lungs. The increase in volume leads to an increase in intrapulmonary pressure causing air to move into the lungs. A.The contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles leads to a decrease in volume, not an increase in volume. B.Increased volume and decreased pressure cause air to leave the lungs, rather than enter the lungs. C.The relaxation, not contraction, of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles leads to inhalation. D.Increases in volume lead to a decrease in pressure, not an increase in pressure.
D.Increases in volume lead to a decrease in pressure, not an increase in pressure.
What does Boyle's law state about pressure and volume at a constant temperature and a constant pressure? A.Pressure and volume will both increase as temperature and pressure increase. B.Pressure and volume will both increase together or both decrease together. C.Pressure and volume will both decrease as temperature and pressure decrease. D.Pressure increases when volume decreases.
D.Pressure increases when volume decreases.
Five-year-old Charlie is so mad that he's holding his breath until he gets his way. What will stimulate his breathing rate to return to normal? A.lack of oxygen B.lack of sensory information being sent to central chemoreceptors C.lack of sensory information being sent to peripheral chemoreceptors D.accumulation of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)
D.accumulation of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)
Through what openings of the nose does inhaled air enter the upper respiratory tract? A.nasal cavity B.posterior nares C.nasopharynx D.anterior nares
D.anterior nares
What pulmonary gas exchange problems do you expect to see when surface area is lost due to emphysema? A.eupnea B.hyperventilation C.hypocapnia D.both hypercapnia and hypoxemia
D.both hypercapnia and hypoxemia
What sweeps foreign debris from the lower respiratory passages? A.microvilli B.flagella C.gap junctions D.cilia
D.cilia
The amount of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal tidal expiration is known as the: A.inspiratory reserve volume B.tidal volume C.vital capacity D.expiratory reserve volume
D.expiratory reserve volume
Which organ's position causes the left lung to be shaped differently from the right lung? A.esophagus B.stomach C.liver D.heart
D.heart
Which of the following triggers hyperventilation? A.low partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in arterial blood B.high partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in arterial blood C.low concentration of hydrogen ions in arterial blood D.high partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in arterial blood
D.high partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in arterial blood
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major processes of respiration? A.gas transport B.pulmonary ventilation C.pulmonary gas exchange D.oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
D.oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
Which of the following determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? A.temperature B.gas solubility in water C.molecular weight of the gas molecule D.partial pressure gradient
D.partial pressure gradient
The larynx lining transitions at the vocal cords from stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium to: A.simple squamous epithelium. B.transitional epithelium. C.simple columnar epithelium. D.pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
D.pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
Mr. Schmitzer has pulmonary fibrosis in which the elastic tissue of his lungs is replaced with dense irregular collagenous connective tissue. His condition primarily affects: A.airway resistance. B.alveolar surface tension. C.surfactant production. D.pulmonary compliance.
D.pulmonary compliance.
Which process of respiration relies on partial pressure gradients to move air in and out of the lungs? A.both pulmonary gas exchange and tissue gas exchange B.gas transport C.both gas transport and pulmonary ventilation D.pulmonary ventilation
D.pulmonary ventilation
Pulmonary gas exchange occurs in the: A.larynx. B.conducting zone. C.upper respiratory tract. D.respiratory zone.
D.respiratory zone.
Gas exchange occurs in all of the following EXCEPT: A.alveolar ducts. B.respiratory bronchioles. C.alveolar sacs. D.terminal bronchioles.
D.terminal bronchioles.
Bronchodilation may occur in response to: A.inflammation. B.increased mucus. C.the parasympathetic nervous system. D.the sympathetic nervous system.
D.the sympathetic nervous system.
The coupling of blood flow with the amount of air reaching the alveoli is known as: A.partial pressure. B.Boyle's law. C.Henry's law. D.ventilation-perfusion matching.
D.ventilation-perfusion matching.
