Chapter 22

Practical intelligence, one form of Robert Sternberg's intelligences, would be needed to _____.

understand the needs of family members

Changes in appearance during adulthood have significant health consequences. True or False

False

In the United States, the birth rate among women ages 40 and older is decreasing. True or False

False

Men experience the same sudden downward shift in reproductive ability as women. True or False

False

The first visible signs of aging are in brain functioning. True or False

False

Geographic trends are apparent in contraceptive use. True or False

True

Infertility is often defined as being unable to conceive after trying for at least one year. True or False

True

Metabolism decreases by about one-third between ages 20 and 60. True or False

True

Most adults feel strong, capable, healthy, and "in their prime." True or False

True

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can be a cause of infertility among women. True or False

True

Sexual arousal and orgasm both take longer and occur more slowly with age. True or False

True

From about ages 20 to 70, _____ seem(s) to have the LEAST influence on intelligence test scores.

chronological age

The term g refers to "_____ intelligence."

general

The World Health Organization calls tobacco "the single largest preventable cause of death and chronic disease in the world today." True or False

True

The consequences of obesity are psychological as well as physical. True of False

True

Robert Sternberg has proposed _____ fundamental forms of intelligence.

3

The drop in testosterone levels of older men is known as "andropause." True or False

True

Who is more likely to have the greatest number of strategies?

Alan, who has been playing chess for 25 years

The typical U.S. family consumes more meat and fat and less fiber than people in other parts of the world. True or False

True

Which is the BEST example of an adult using selective optimization with compensation?

Bettie, who uses sticky-note reminders in her home, office, and car

Which psychologist proposed the existence of g?

Charles Spearman

According to the results of K. Warner Schaie's study, which individual would have performed best on an assessment of number ability?

Delano, born in 1924

Binge drinking is implicated in liver cancer, but not other types. True or False

False

Which statement about age and expertise is TRUE?

Expertise can overcome some of the detrimental effects of age, but not all.

As people age, their eyes adjust to darkness more quickly. True or False

False

Janyce, a 50-year-old woman, has several stressors in her life, so she turns to her friends in order to deal with the pressure. Which statement BEST explains the physiological phenomenon associated with her method of coping?

Her body is producing "oxytocin," a hormone that encourages caring interactions.

Donna was just diagnosed with cancer. She has started drinking heavily and keeps moving doctors' appointments farther away in time. Donna is engaging in _____ coping.

avoidant

Jerry, who is in good health, scores lower on an intelligence test than his grandson Cade. This could be for all the following reasons EXCEPT _____.`

Jerry losing intellectual power as he ages

Ken is a highly skilled electrician, and Gwen is his new apprentice. When unexpected problems occur as they work on complex wiring projects, the MOST critical difference between their approaches in successfully completing the job is _____.

Ken's automatic processing

Major stressors and daily hassles _____ cognitive functioning.

can impair

The two researchers who concluded that fluid and crystallized intelligence are the most crucial aspects of intelligence are _____.

Raymond Cattell and John Horn

Which of the following individuals will likely find multitasking to be especially challenging?

Rita, who is 55 years old

The _____ Study was the first cross-sequential study of adult intelligence.

Seattle Longitudinal

An adult's hearing is usually less acute than a 10-True or False

True

Diet affects how quickly skin wrinkles; fat slows down wrinkling. True or False

True

During middle adulthood, a person typically loses muscle strength and also loses nearly an inch in height. True or False

True

Cynthia has just experienced a hassle, which could influence her cognitive functioning. She has MOST likely just experienced _____.

a traffic jam

According to Robert Sternberg, "analytic intelligence" involves _____.

abstract planning, focused attention, and verbal and logical skills

Dr. Fine was interested in assessing the g, or general intelligence, of college students, so he assessed abilities in all the following areas EXCEPT_____.

agility

When students take multiple-choice exams, they are using the form of intelligence that Robert Sternberg calls "_____."

analytic

The older Gary gets, the more difficult it is going to be for him to _____.

answer what comes next in the series "4916253"

Compared to novices, experts typically _____.

are more intuitive

Earl Hunt, a psychologist who studies intelligence, has proposed that nations with the most advanced economies and greatest national wealth are those that make best use of cognitive _____—that is, ways to amplify and extend general cognitive ability.

artifacts

Thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought is _____ processing.

automatic

When the thought required for an action has become routine, and it appears that most aspects of the task are performed instinctively, the performance of the task is _____.

automatic

A method of dealing with a problem by ignoring, forgetting, or hiding it is referred to as "_____ coping."

avoidant

A psychologist who is studying the mathematical abilities of adults finds significant differences between the scores of adults born 50 years ago, when rote learning was stressed, and those born 25 years ago, when more progressive approaches to education were popular. This is an example of a(n) _____.

cohort differences

Over the long run, _____ intelligence is prized whenever life circumstances change or new challenges arise.

creative

When Alice is assigned to host a work party for 100 employees with a modest $200 budget, she needs to be innovative and imaginative. In order for Alice to host a successful work party, she will need to utilize _____ intelligence.

creative

Dr. Green is studying intellectual development in adulthood. In order to generate the MOST accurate view of intellectual development, Dr. Green should use a _____ research design.

cross-sequential

According to Robert Sternberg, creative intelligence requires _____ thinking.

divergent

The Flynn effect is MOST likely due to changes in _____.

education and health

Which of the following is an example of a relatively modern cognitive artifact?

electricity

With which coping style do people try to change their attitude about a stressor?

emotion-focused

Practical intelligence is supported by _____.

experience and flexibility

The superior strategies of the expert permit selective optimization with compensation. In a study, trained pilots were given directions by air traffic controllers in a flight simulation. The study found that _____ used their own shorthand to illustrate and emphasize ideas.

experienced pilots took more accurate and complete notes and

The skill, flexibility, and strategies needed to raise a family are a manifestation of ______.

expertise

The expert artist, musician, or scientist is creative and curious, deliberately experimenting and enjoying the challenge when things do not go according to plan. This suggests that his or her thinking is more _____.

flexible

Nathanial is a participant in a research study. He needs to decide how Figure A relates to Figure B. Nathanial will need to use _____intelligence in order to solve this problem.

fluid

Amy, a high school sophomore, tells her school counselor that she believes she is at the peak of her intellectual ability. Her counselor responds that _____.

her intellectual abilities will increase throughout adulthood

Many middle-aged adults report that their MOST stressful activity is _____.

housework

In the Seattle Longitudinal Study, the cognitive complexity of the occupations of more than 500 workers was measured. The results suggest that older workers maintained their intellectual prowess _____.

in interactions with other people, with things, and with data

Results from K. Warner Schaie's study reveal that more recent generations of women have intelligence test scores that have _____.

increased

K. Warner Schaie's cross-sequential research on intellectual development demonstrates that _____.

individuals improve in most mental abilities during adulthood

Expert thought is _____.

intuitive, automatic, strategic and flexible

Which statement about fluid intelligence is TRUE?

it is quick and flexible

Which of the following is a test to measure intelligent parenting?

knowledge of infant development

Currently, in the United States, of Howard Gardner's nine intelligences, _____ and _____ intelligence are prized, and these two abilities are at the core of most tests of aptitude and achievement.

linguistic; practical

Research shows that older adults are MOST likely to identify _____ as a trigger for their daily stress.

money

A study of adults ages 34 to 83 found that people high in fluid intelligence were exposed to _____ stress and were _____ likely to suffer from it.

more; less

A problem with cross-sectional research is that _____.

there could be cohort effects, as each has unique life experiences

Raz, age 57, lives a very stressful life. She works more than 60 hours a week with few benefits. Her mother was recently diagnosed with cancer, and she and her husband are on the brink of divorce. When stressors like these overwhelm, adults are likely to _____.

overeat

Despite experiencing Hurricane Katrina, Alice continues to believe that God is caring and benevolent. Because of these beliefs, Alice is more likely to experience _____ after experiencing Katrina.

post-traumatic growth

Betty is a retired registered nurse who fills in at the local hospital when the staff is in need of nurses. She is frequently called in without advance notice and must take over without any time to get oriented. Betty must rely on what Robert Sternberg calls "_____ intelligence" in order to grasp the expectations and needs of the situation.

practical

The Mullers just had their first child. Both parents must now adapt to the new demands of caring for an infant. This will require the form of intelligence that Robert Sternberg calls "_____."

practical

The benefits of _____ intelligence in adult life are obvious, as adults need to solve real-world challenges.

practical

With which coping style do people try to attack a stressor in some way?

problem-focused

The process of turning to faith as a method of coping with stress is referred to as "_____ coping."

religious

To solve a problem in his or her special area, the expert is more likely than the novice to _____.

rely on past experiences

Paul and Margret Baltes have found that adults use their intellectual strengths to offset their age-related declining abilities through the process of "_____."

selective optimization with compensation

When developmentalists use the term "expert," they usually mean a person who _____.

specializes in activities that are personally meaningful

Experts tend to be intuitive, automatic, _____, and _____ in their thinking.

strategic; flexible

The most crucial cognitive difference between a skilled person and an unskilled person may be _____.

strategy

Which is the best example of fluid intelligence?

the ability to quickly recognize relationships between words

The Wilson family is having a big reunion, with four generations planning to attend. Applying the Flynn effect to this family, we would expect that _____.

the fourth generation of Wilsons would score the highest on a standard IQ test

Fluid intelligence includes _____.

the speed of processing mathematical information

K. Warner Schaie's cross-sequential research on intellectual development studies _____.

verbal meaning, spatial orientation, inductive reasoning, number ability, and word fluency

Sally learns that she did not get a promotion at work because she does not have enough completed projects. If she chooses to engage in problem-focused coping to deal with this stressor, Sally will _____.

work to complete more projects

Based on the results of cross-sectional intelligence testing, _____ for the first half of the twentieth century.

younger generations were considered to be smarter than older ones