Chapter 22

The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ____cells.

B

In passive immunity, the

body receives antibodies produced by other humans or by an animal.

Which of the following about MHC proteins is false?

Bind complement

In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must?

Bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte surface.

Which of the following are primary lymphoid organs?

Bone marrow and thymus.

Microphages include?

Both neutrophils and eosinophils.

Which of the following is true of both lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries?

Both types are composed of endothelium

Lymphocytes that destroy foregin cells or virus-infected cells are ____cells.

Cytotoxic T

The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the _____cells.

Cytotoxic T

Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells?

Cytotoxic T cells

CD8 markers are to ________ T cells as CD4 markers are to ________ T cells.

Cytotoxic; helper

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the?

Thoracic duct

T is to ___ as B is to ___.

Thymus-dependent, bone marrow-deprived.

An infection and inflammation of the aggregated lymphatic nodules in the pharynx is called?

Tonsilitis

___ are large lumphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

Tonsils

The lymphatic system does all of the following except?

Transports gas to and away from lymph nodes.

The letters HIV stand for?

Human immunodeficiency virus.

Which class of immunoglobulins sensitizes cells to allergens?

IgE

Which class of antibody forms a five-antibody starburst?

IgM

During a primary immune response, the

IgM titer is initially higher than the IgG titer.

Lymphocytes provide an adaptive or specific defense known as the?

Immune response

The term ________ refers to antibodies found in body fluids.

Immunoglobulins

Suppressor T cells act to?

Inhibit T and B cell activities.

Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity.

Innate

Which of the following innate internal defenses work by interfering with viral replication?

Interferons

Which of the following descriptions is NOT a characteristic of adaptive immunity?

Intolerance

All of the following are true of the primary response of humoral immunity except that

It is delayed by the memory cell stage.

Microglia are to the CNS as Kupffer cells are to the?

Liver

What structire prevents the spread of cancer?

Lymph nodes

Which cell type is essential to the immune response?

Lymphocytes

The white pulp of the spleen is populated by?

Lymphocytes.

An inflammatory response is triggered when?

Mast cells release histamine and heparin.

Fixed macrophages that are found in the central nervous system are called?

Microglia

The phagocytic antigen-presenting cells belong to the ________ group.

Monocyte-macrophage

Various types of macrophages are derived from?

Monocytes

Plasma contains ________ special proteins that form the complement system.

More than 30

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.

NK

All of the following are true of the secondary response of humoral immunity except that it?

Weakens quickly because memory B cells only survive for a year or two.

Which of the following areas in a secondary lymphoid organ allows intimate contact between blood and the lymphocytes?

White pulp of the spleen.

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass through the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity.

Naturally acquired passive

___are clusters of lymphatic nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine.

Peyer's patches

What cells make antibodies?

Plasma B cells

The release of endogenous pyrogen (or interleukin-1) by active macrophages would?

Produce a fever.

Stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes are concentrated in the?

Red bone marrow

Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the?

Red bone marrow

Lymphocytes...

Respond to antigens.

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions except the?

Right breast

Interleukins do all of the following except?

Stimulate collagen synthesis.

If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of?

T Cells.

Lymphatic tissue is found in the greatest quantity in?

The adult spleen.

A measure of antibody level in the plasma is

The antibody titer

T lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following except?

The brain.

Leslie has a severe sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that?

The lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes.

The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except?

The venae cavae.

Lymphatic organs differ from lymphatic tissues in what way?

They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphatic tissues are not.

Lymph nodes range in diameter from?

1mm to 25mm.

The term lymphadenopathy refers to?

A chronic or excessive enlargement of lymph nodes.

An example of an immunodeficiency disease is __________.

AIDS

All of the following are true of the thymus gland except that it?

Activates B cells.

Antigens that trigger allergic reactions are called?

Allergens

Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are?

Allergies

The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the protein C1 binds to?

An antibody attached to an antigen.

What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to?

An antigenic determinant

The body's innate defenses include all of the following except?

Antibodies

Which of these is NOT one of the nonspecific defenses?

Antibodies

Which of the following can act as opsonins on bacteria, thus enhancing phagocytosis?

Antibodies and complement proteins

Newborns gain their immunity initially from

Antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother.

If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated?

Cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)

Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation except?

Chemotaxis of phagocytes.

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except?

Complement

Which of the innate defense mechanisms can lyse bacteria and mark cells for phagocytosis?

Complement proteins

Where in the lymph node do the T cells first encounter antigens presented by dendritic cells?

Deep in the cortex.

The primary function of the lymphatic system is

Defending the body against both extetnal and interal threats.

Antigen-presenting cells located in the epithelia of the skin are called?

Dendritic cells

Autoantibodies are?

Directed against the body's own antigens.

T cells and B cells can be activated only by?

Exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane.

Activated macrophages release endogenous pyrogens that cause __________.

Fever

Which one of Ruthie's symptoms is an example of an innate defense mechanism?

Fever

Which class of cells is particularly abundent in the red pulp of the spleen?

Free and fixed macrophages.

Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only

in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes