Chapter 22 APUSH

Scopes Monkey Trial

1925, the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism

Mueller v. Oregon

A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours, based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood. Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v. New York, laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers. It divided women's rights activists, however, because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.

Palmer Raids

A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities

Universal Negro Improvement Association

A Harlem-based group, led by charismatic, Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey, that arose in the 1920s to mobilize African American workers and champion black separatism.

Prohibition

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Red Scare

A period of general fear of communists

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.

Welfare Capitalism

A system of labor relations that stressed management's responsibility for employees' well-being.

associated state

A system of voluntary business cooperation with government. The Commerce Department helped create two thousand trade associations representing companies in almost every major industry.

flapper

A young woman of the 1920s who defied conventional standards of conduct by wearing short skirts and makeup, freely spending the money she earned on the latest fashions, dancing to jazz, and flaunting her liberated lifestyle.

American Civil Liberties Union

An organization formed during the Red Scare to protect free speech rights.

Women's International League for Peace and Freedom

An organization founded by women activists in 1919; its members denounced imperialism, stressed the human suffering caused by militarism, and proposed social justice measures.

How did business leaders react to more strikes?

Business leaders in rising industries, such as automobile manufacturing, resisted unions, creating more and more nonunionized jobs.

Hollywood

City in the Los Angeles area of California where, by the 1920s, nearly 90 percent of all films in the world were produced.

How did Coolidge react to the Boston police union strike?

Coolidge fired the entire police force; the strike failed. A majority of the public supported the governor.

Dollar Diplomacy

Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Lost Generation

Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe

What was the effect of the great migration of racial tensions?

In northern and midwestern cities, the arrival of southern migrants deepened existing racial tensions

In the election of 1928 how did Al Smith fare?

In the election of 1928, Democratic nominee Al Smith's urban, Catholic, and "wet" background cost him support from traditionally Democratic southern voters.

Chicago Race Riot (1919)

Major racial conflict that began in Chicago, Illinois on July 27, 1919 and ended on August 3. Resulted in some white deaths and many black deaths.

Consumer Credit

New forms of borrowing, such as auto loans and installment plans, that flourished in the 1920s but helped trigger the Great Depression

Teapot Dome

Nickname for scandal in which Interior Secretary Albert Fall accepted $300,000 in bribes for leasing oil reserves on public land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming. It was part of a larger pattern of corruption that marred Warren G. Harding's presidency.

Adkins v. Children's Hospital

The 1923 Supreme Court case that voided a minimum wage for women workers in the District of Columbia, reversing many of the gains that had been achieved through the groundbreaking decision in Muller v. Oregon.

soft power

The exercise of popular cultural influence abroad, as American radio and movies became popular around the world in the 1920s, transmitting American cultural ideals overseas.

Sheppard-Towner Federal Maternity and Infancy Act

The first federally funded health-care legislation that provided federal funds for medical clinics, prenatal education programs, and visiting nurses.

Jazz

Unique American musical form, developed in New Orleans and other parts of the South before World War I. Jazz musicians developed an ensemble improvisational style.

National Origins Act

Very restrictive immigration legislation passed in 1924, which lowered immigration to 2 percent of each nationality as found in the 1890 census. This lowered immigration dramatically and, quite intentionally, almost eliminated immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe.

What caused more strikes after WW1?

When workers tried to maintain these standards after the war, employers cut wages and rooted out unions, prompting massive confrontations

Tammany Hall

a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism

How did whites respond to blacks arming themselves in self defense in Florida?

by torching houses and hunting down African Americans

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

grew by a third during World War I, reaching more than 3 million by war's end, and continued to climb afterward. Workers' expectations also rose as the war economy brought higher pay and better working conditions

Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Coronado Coal Company v. United Mine Workers (1925)

the Court ruled that a striking union could be penalized for illegal restraint of trade

Pan-Africanism

the unity of all black Africans, regardless of national boundaries