Chapter 22 - Final

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport up to ______ oxygen molecules a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

d. 4

Your breathing rate is 14 breaths/minute; spirometric measurements reveal your tidal volume is 500 mL; your inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL; and your expiratory reserve volume is 1200 mL. your vital capacity is ______ mL a. 2400 b. 3000 c. 3800 d. 4700 e. 5800

d. 4700

Which of these is most likely to result from contact between contaminated fingers and the nasal mucosa? a. Apnea b. Adult respiratory distress syndrome c. Acute bronchitis d. Acute rhinitis e. Asthma

d. Acute rhinitis

Is a lung disease marked by a reduced number of cilia, reduced motility of the remaining cilia, goblet cell hypertrophy and hypersecretion, and thick sputum a. Asthma b. Oat cell carcinoma c. Atelectasis d. Chronic bronchitis e. Emphsema

d. Chronic bronchitis

Which law states the total atmospheric pressure is a sum of the contributions of the individual gases? a. Henry's law b. Charles's law c. Boyle's law d. Dalton's law

d. Dalton's law

What are the most numerous cells in the lungs ? a. Mucosal cells b. Type I alveolar cells c. Type II alveolar cells d. Dust cells e. Vibrissae

d. Dust cells

Which of the following would slow down gas exchange between the blood and alveolar air? a. An increase in membrane thickness b. An increase in alveolar surface area c. An increase in respiratory rate d. A decrease in membrane thickness e. A decrease in nitrogen solubility

a. An increase in membrane thickness

Which of the following issues output to the VRG (ventral respiratory group) to adjust the respiratory rhythm? a. DRG B. PRG C. NRG D. SRG

a. DRG

Which of the following would lead to anemic hypoxia? a. Sickle cell disease b. Emphysema c. Squamous-cell carcinoma d. Asthma e. Atelectasis

a. Sickle cell disease

What is the basic distinction between an alveolar duct and an alveolar atrium? a. Their shape b. Their size c. Their function d. Their epithelial type e. Presence or absence of cilia

a. Their shape

Which of the following is the term for a deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in a tissue? a. Apoxia b. Hypoxia c. Anoxia d. Cyanosis e. Eupnea

b. Hypoxia

The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort is called a. Vital capacity b. Inspiratory reserve volume c. Expiratory reserve volume d. Residual volume e. Inspiratory capacity

b. Inspiratory reserve volume

Congestive heart failure results in which of the following? a. Hypoxemic hypoxia b. Ischemic hypoxia c. Anemic hypoxia d. Histotoxic hypoxia e. Idiopathic hypoxia

b. Ischemic hypoxia

The nose is divided into right and left halves termed the a. Nasal cavities b. Nasal fossae c. Nasal septa d. Nasal vestibules e. Nasal apertures

b. Nasal fossae

Scuba divers breathe a nitrogen oxygen mixture rather than pure compressed oxygen in order to avoid a. The bends b. Oxygen toxicity c. Rapture of the deep d. Caisson disease e. Hypoxemic hypoxia

b. Oxygen toxicity

Emotional states are integrated by the ___, which generates an output that creates such respiratory variations as laughing and crying. a. VRG b. PRG c. DRG d. SRG

b. PRG

Crude sounds are formed into intelligible speech by all of the following except: a. The pharynx b. The epiglottis c. The oral cavity d. The tongue e. The lips

b. The epiglottis

Each alveolus is surrounded by a basket of blood capillaries supplied by? a. The aorta b. The pulmonary artery c. The pulmonary vein d. The inferior vena cava e. The superior vena cava

b. The pulmonary artery

The anatomical dead space is greatest in which of the following situations? a. after eating a large meal b. after swerving to narrowly avoid an accident while driving c. after waking up from a long nap d. after watching TV for an hour

b. after swerving to narrowly avoid an accident while driving

Hypocapnia will lead to which of the following conditions? a. hypoventilation due to acidosis b. hypoventilation due to alkalosis c. hypoventilation due to acidosis d. hypoventilation due to alkalosis

b. hypoventilation due to alkalosis

How is vital capacity calculated? a. Inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory volume b. Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume c. Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume d. Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume e. Respiratory volume + tidal volume

d. Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

Which of the following enzymes in an RBC breaks H2CO3 down to water and carbon dioxide? a. Hemoglobin b. Carboxyhemoglobin c. Carbonic anhydrase d. Bisphosphoglycerate e. Carbaminoreductase

c. Carbonic anhydrase

Nitrogen bubbles can form in the blood and other tissues when a scuba diver ascends too rapidly, producing a syndrome called a. Decompression sickness a.k.a. Caissons Disease b. Hyperbaric disease c. Cerebral embolism d. Pulmonary barotraumas e. Pulmonary edema

c. Cerebral embolism

______ states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases a. Boyle's law b. Valsalva's law c. Dalton's law d. Charle's law e. Henry's law

c. Dalton's law

A lung disease marked by abnormally few but large alveoli is a. Cor pulmonale b. Pulmonary hemosiderosis c. Emphysema d. Atelectasis e. Collapsed lung

c. Emphysema

Blood banks dispose of blood that has low levels of bisphosphogylcerate. What would be the probable reason for doing so? a. A low BPG level causes acidosis of blood b. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload CO2 very well c. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload O2 very well d. Erythrocyte low in BPG do not load O2 very well e. A decline in BPG level is accompanied by a decline in hemoglobin level

c. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload O2 very well

In the air we breathe, which gas is found in the highest concentration? a. Oxygen b. Water vapour c. Nitrogen d. Carbon dioxide e. Hydrogen

c. Nitrogen

Which of the following cartilages is largest? a. The corniculate cartilage b. The epiglottic cartilage c. The thyroid cartilage d. The cricoids cartilage e. The arytenoids cartilage

c. The thyroid cartilage

Which center bears the primary responsibility for generating the respiratory rhythm, but is influenced by several other centers? a. PRG B. DRG c. VRG d. SRG

c. VRG

Upon inspiration, what is the name of the air in the conducting division that is not available for gas exchange? a. alveolar dead space b. tracheal dead space c. anatomical dead space d. conducting dead space

c. anatomical dead space

The upper respiratory tract extends from the nose through the _____. a. trachea b. pharyx c.larynx d. alveoli e. lungs

c.larynx

The addition of CO2 to the blood generates _______ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Nitrogen d. Hydrogen e. Chloride

d. Hydrogen

The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves carry afferent signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to a chemosensitive area in a. The pontine respiratory group b. The dorsal respiratory group c. The ventral respiratory group d. The medulla oblongata e. The pons

d. The medulla oblongata

In ________, the lungs are infected with Mycobacterium and produce fibrous nodules around the bacteria, leading to progressive pulmonary fibrosis a. Pneumonia b. Dyspnea c. Pneumothorax d. Tuberculosis e. rhinitis

d. Tuberculosis

How is alveolar air different than inspired air? a. alveolar air has a higher PN2 than inspired air b. alveolar air has a lower PCO2 than inspired air c. alveolar air has a higher PO2 than inspired air d. alveolar air has a higher PH2O than inhaled air

d. alveolar air has a higher PH2O than inhaled air

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory System? a. control of Ph b. promotes the flow of lymph and venous blood c. helps regulate blood pressure d. assists in the synthesis of vasodilators e. aids in defecation

d. assists in the synthesis of vasodilators

The heart indents into the _____ of the left lung. a. oblique fissure b. hilum c. apex d. cardiac impression e. base

d. cardiac impression

The pH of the cerebrospinal fluid is monitored by which of these brainstem centers? a. PRG b. hypothalamic osmoreceptors c. medullary baroreceptors d. central chemoreceptors

d. central chemoreceptors

Which bronchus is about 5cml long and slightly narrower and more horizontal than the one on the opposite side? a. left segmental bronchus b. right segmental bronchus c. right lobar bronchus d. left main bronchus e. right main bronchus

d. left main bronchus

The respiratory system contains a total of five ______ a. segmental bronchi b. cholanae c. laryngeal cartilages d. lobes e. tracheal cartilages

d. lobes

During exercise, which of the following directly increases respiratory rate? a. Increased H+ level in the blood b. The Bohr effect c. Reduced blood pH d. Reduced oxyhemoglobin e. Anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle

e. Anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle

Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobin dissociation? a. Epinephrine b. Fever c. Thyroid hormone d. Low pH e. Erythrocyte count

e. Erythrocyte count

Mucus plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air. It is produced by ______ of the respiratory tract a. Squamus alveolar cells b. Great alveolar cells c. The pleurae d. Ciliated cells e. Goblet cells

e. Goblet cells

Deep, rapid breathing often seen in terminal diabetes mellitus is known as what? a. Tachypnea b. Dyspnea c. Orthopnea d. Hyperpnea e. Kussmaul respiration

e. Kussmaul respiration

Polio can sometimes damage the brainstem respiratory centers and result in a. A Bohr effect b. Adult respiratory distress syndrome c. Pneumothorax d. Atelectasis e. Ondine's curse

e. Ondine's curse

Which of the following does not have ciliated cells? a The nasal cavity b. The trachea c. primary bronchus d. Terminal bronchioles e. largygopharynx

e. largygopharynx

Among its other purposes, the Valsalva Maneuver is used a. To aid in defecation and urination b. As part of the procedure for giving CPR to a person in respiratory arrest c. To ventilate the lungs during eupnea d. To expel more than the usual tidal volume from the lungs e. To clear carbon monoxide from the body and replace it with oxygen

a. To aid in defecation and urination

Which two ligaments extends from the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages? a. Vestibular and vocal ligaments b. Layrngeal and corniculate c. Corniculate and cricoids d. Cricoids and arytenoids e. Thyrohyoid and cricoids

a. Vestibular and vocal ligaments

Conditions around metabolically active tissues do what to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? a. shift it right b. shift it left c. decrease the slope d. increase the slope

a. shift it right

Normally the systemic arterial blood has a PO2 of _______ mm Hg, a Pco2 of _______ mm Hg, and a pH of ______. a. 40; 95; 7.4 b. 95; 40; 7.4 c. 7.4; 40; 95 d. 95; 7.4; 40 e. 40; 7.4; 95

b. 95; 40; 7.4

Tom is in respiratory arrest due to an electrical shock. Why does a Good Samaritan have up to 4 or 5 minutes to begin CPR and save Tom's life? a. Reserve oxygen in Tom's lungs b. A venous reserve of oxygen in Tom's blood c. The ambient Po2 can support life that long d. The Haldane effect lasts up to 5 minutes e. Tom's hypoxic drive will keep him alive for up to 5 minutes

b. A venous reserve of oxygen in Tom's blood

If one inspires through their nose, which of the following answers has the correct order of structures the air would move through? a. nares - vestibule -nasal cavity - nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx - larynx - trachea - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - alveolar duct - alveolar sac - alveolus b. nares - nasal cavity - vestibule - nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx - larynx - trachea - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - alveolar duct - alveolar sac - alveolus c. nares - vestibule - nasal cavity - nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - alveolar duct - alveolar sac - alveolus d. nares - nasal cavity - vestibule - nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx - larynx - trachea - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - alveolar duct - alveolar sac - alveolus

b. nares - nasal cavity - vestibule - nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx - larynx - trachea - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - alveolar duct - alveolar sac - alveolus

Output from higher brain centers can bypass both the DRG and VRG and go directly to _____, which controls the accessory muscles of respiration. a. the diaphragm b. spinal integration centers c. the cerebral cortex d. the vagus nerve

b. spinal integration centers

Metabolically active tissues have which of the following sets of conditions that shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right? a. ↑PO2, ↓PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↑BPG (bisphosphoglycerate) b. ↓PO2, ↑PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↑BPG (bisphosphoglycerate) c. ↓PO2, ↑PCO2, ↓ temperature, ↑BPG (bisphosphoglycerate) d. ↑PO2, ↓PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↓BPG (bisphosphoglycerate)

b. ↓PO2, ↑PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↑BPG (bisphosphoglycerate)

Air consists of about 78.63% nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and 0.5% water. At sea level, (760 mm Hg) what is the PCO2? a. 597 mm Hg b. 159 mm HG c. 0.3 mm Hg d. 3.7 mm Hg

c. 0.3 mm Hg

In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries, the blood gives up about what percentage of its oxygen? a. 5% to 10% b. 10% to 15% c. 20% to 25% d. 30% to 40% e. 70% to 85%

c. 20% to 25%

Your breathing rate is 2 breaths/minute; your tidal volume is 500 ml; your vital capacity is 4700 mL; and your dead air space is 150 mL. Your alveolar ventilation rate is _______ mL/min a. 2400 b. 3600 c. 4200 d. 5600 e. 6400

c. 4200

Which malignancy originates in the lamina propria of the bronchi? a. Squamous cell carcinoma b. Oat cell carcinoma c. Adenocarcinoma d. Pulmonary edema e. Cor pulmonale

c. Adenocarcinoma

The blood transports more CO2 in the form of ______ than in any other form a. Carbaminohemoglobin b. Carboxyhemoglobin c. Bicarbonate ions d. Dissolved CO2 gas e. Bisphosphocarbonate

c. Bicarbonate ions

In a healthy person, which of the following will have the greatest influence on resistance to pulmonary airflow? a. Atmospheric pressure b. Respiratory rate c. Bronchiole diameter d. Quantity of surfactant e. The diaphragm

c. Bronchiole diameter

Carbon dioxide is transported by all the following means except a. Carbinohemoglobin b. Carbonic acid c. Carbonate d. Bicarbonate ions e. Dissolved gas

c. Carbonate