Chapter 22: Imperialism and Colonialism, 1870-1914

The Chinese emperor's decision to restrict the trade in opium led him onto a collision course with traders from Britain, who insisted on opening up China in the 1830s.

Correct:

What country, which became the British Empire's largest export market, was considered the "jewel" of the British crown?

India

Choose the term that best describes Britain's control over China in the immediate aftermath of the Opium Wars of 1839-42.

Informal Imperialism

Which of the following would be considered the best example of an informally ruled imperial territory?

New Zealand

In the map of Africa below, click on every French colony.

Entire upper left of Africa Lake Chad (rt)

What explains the significant labor problem that the French experienced in sub-Saharan Africa in the early twentieth century?

Africans resisted the brutal work conditions of the French Empire

Choose the statement that best describes the view of the European women's movement toward imperialism.

Women reformers also believed that European nations should civilize non-European lands

The rebellious Egyptian army officer, _______________, led an insurgence that ultimately forced the British into a power-sharing agreement with Egyptian authorities.

'Urabi Pasha

During the Boer War, the British armies were successful in recruiting native black Africans to fight against the Dutch Boers. This proved decisive in the ultimate British victory.

False

The oldest, and arguably most important, French colony was that of -. After a conquest that lasted nearly two decades to complete, the French created a colony primarily composed of -, many of whom were not from France. In order to assure their loyalty, the government made the colony a - with the right to pass laws. Such laws included disenfranchising indigenous -.

1. Algeria 2.settlers 3.department 4.muslims

One of the major anti-imperial events in the early twentieth century was the Pan-African conference, held in - in 1900. Growing out of a tradition of - movements, presenters discussed forced labor in - and demanded that Africans receive some political -. The movement that derived from this conference, called -, would grow rapidly after the First World War.

1. London 2. Antislavery 3. South Africa 4. Representation 5. Pan-Africanism

Much like its European neighbors, Italy sought to create an African empire. Initially, it acquired territories along the -, specifically the region of - and parts of -. However, the Italians wanted to obtain -, the last major independent African kingdom. Its clever emperor, -, outwitted the Italians and crushed them at the battle of - in 1896.

1. Red Sea 2. Eritrea 3. Somalia 4. Ethopia 5. Menelik II 6. Adowa

The uprising began in 1857 when a regiment of sepoys, a term for Indian -, were disciplined for refusing to use - greased with pork fat. As the rebellion spread, peasants attacked - and rebels defended traditional leaders. The most afflicted areas were in the -. The fighting lasted a year, and the British themselves engaged in serious acts of -.

1. Soldiers 2. Rifiles 3.law courts 4.northwest 5.repression

Choose the sentence that best describes the reason why the British chose to colonize Egypt in the 1880s.

Britain wanted to protect its investments in the Suez Canal

Select all the statements that describe the science of eugenics as it developed in the early twentieth century.

Correct: -developed by Galton -improving racial character -selective breeding Incorrect: -promoting intermarriage and racial mixing -maximize population growth -developed by Darwin

Choose all of the characteristics that comprised the new imperial governmental policy of "settlement and discipline."

Correct: -organized relationships between Europeans and indigenous groups -legal distinctions made on racial grounds -complex administration Incorrect: -discouraged interactions between Europeans and indigenous peoples -independent entrepreneurial activity

Select all of correct contributions, such as they are, that Cecil Rhodes made toward the development of British imperial control of southern Africa.

Correct: founded the DeBeers company instigated war against the Boers created Rhodesia advocated Cape-to-Cairo railway

Select all the terms that correctly describe the Boxers and their rebellion in early twentieth-century China.

Correct: laid siege to foreign embassies anti-European secret society Incorrect: uprising in southern China trained as civil servants

Choose all of the correct consequences of Russia's annexation of Kazakhstan.

Correct: -brought large numbers of Muslims into the Russian Empire -increased tensions with Britain -encouraged settlement of ethnic Russians

Please select all the correct near-term (within 3-5 years) consequences of the Spanish-American War of 1898.

Correct: The United States acquired the Philippines. The United States acquired the Panama Canal. The United States acquired Cuba.

Choose all the reasons why the French West African colonies would be considered indirectly ruled.

Correct: They managed resources carefully. They deferred to local leaders. They allowed tribal or islamic courts in non-urban areas.

Following the Sepoy rebellions of 1857-58, the British government reorganized India in order to rule it directly through British officials in India.

False

Following the Sepoy rebellions of 1857-58, the British government reorganized India in order to rule it directly through British officials in India. C

False

In the broadest sense, imperialism is the process through which Europeans made agreements with local elites to govern new territories.

False

The 1857-58 Sepoy Rebellion in India began when the British decided to ban the practice of sati (immolation of widows).

False

The name "Congo Free State" indicates that the Belgians exercised informal imperialism over this African colony.

False

Watch the following video in which Professor Cole discusses the contradictions within European colonialism. According to him, what was the specific contradiction that British and French imperialists faced by the beginning of the twentieth century?

Just as britain and France were extending democracy to their citizens at home, they were denying it to their colonial subjects

Study this advertisement for Pears' Soap carefully. Choose the sentence that best summarizes the ad's attitude toward non-Europeans.

Non-Europeans are unclean and uncivilized peoples who need Europeans to improve them

Read the following passage from George Washington Williams's letter to Leopold II. Instead of the natives of the Congo "adopting the fostering care" of your Majesty's government, they everywhere complain that their land has been taken from them by force; that the Government is cruel and arbitrary, and declare that they neither love nor respect the Government and its flag. Your Majesty's Government has sequestered their land, burned their towns, stolen their property, enslaved their women and children, and committed other crimes too numerous to mention in detail. Choose the statement that best describes, according to his account, the attitude of the Congolese to their Belgian rulers.

The congolese bitteryly resent the brutal contrast between the Belgians' promises and the realities of their rule

Choose the statement that best explains why the following lines from Rudyard Kipling's poem, "The White Man's Burden," argue for direct rule. Take up the White Man's burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child.

The indigenous peoples are too backward to govern themselves

Which statement best describes the English-speaking Indian bureaucratic elite that assisted Great Britain with the administration of the raj (British India) in the late nineteenth century?

They were skeptical of British claims that the empire had improved the lives of Indians

In South Africa, Boers were Dutch farmers with whom the English had an increasingly difficult relationship in the late nineteenth century.

True

Of all the potential hazards of imperial cultures, the one that caused European colonial administrators the most anxiety was that of sexual relations.

True

Watch the following video in which Professor Cole discusses the different types of imperialism. Choose the sentence below that best explains why, in his view, China was an example of informal imperialism.

China was gradually forced to give trade concessions to European traders and to surrender political authority over them.

The first war made notorious by utilizing _____________ was the Boer War of 1899-1902.

Concentration camp

At the Ethiopian town of Adowa, the French and the British engaged in a standoff that nearly led to a European war in 1898.

False

This European writer (last name only) argued that race was a deciding factor in human history and that, of the three main races, only whites had the purest bloodlines and were therefore superior to the other two.

Gobineau

Which of the following was not a British objective before and during the Fashoda crisis?

Going to war against France

While Africa had been mostly inaccessible to Europeans since the fifteenth century, this changed in the late nineteenth century and by 1902, Europeans controlled - percent of the continent. One reason that Africans could no longer provide a strong resistance was that Europeans had mastered the logistics of - and were thus able to move around the continent more easily. Rather than succumbing to -, Europeans had also developed anti-malarial vaccines. Moreover, they had the - that turned battles against indigenous Africans into bloodbaths.

1. 90 2. transportation 3. disease 4. Maxim Gun

Match the name of a specific kind of colonial rule to the way that it actually governed.

Direct Rule - outright annexation of territories Imformal Imperialism - weaker states allowed to retain independence Indirect Rule - agreements with and governing through local leaders

Watch the following video in which Professor Cole discusses the legacies of imperialism on contemporary Europe. Why, in his view, does this imperial legacy produce often-unsettling political consequences in European countries like France?

European nations have constituencies of both former colonizers and form colonial subjects, each of whom seek to define the meaning of imperialism from their own perspective

Oftentimes, the interaction between European and non-European peoples produced a cultural fusion—a _____________ culture, as Europeans and indigenous peoples encountered and transformed one another.

Hybrid

Choose the sentence that best describes the likely response of a European (its intended audience) to this image.

Non-European women are very exotic and sensual

In England and France, imperialism was justified as a "civilizing mission" whereby Europeans and non-Europeans would teach and learn from each other.

false

Which of the following sentences best describes what made the "new imperialism" of the late nineteenth century new?

it had greater geographical scope and had more consequences for colonizer and colonized