Chapter 23

Carbohydrates and fats are both

used as energy sources.

A college student tracks his diet for several weeks as part of a nutrition project. During the trackingperiod, he realizes that his diet is rich in yellow and orange fruits and vegetables, citrus fruits, nuts, andfish, but that he tends to avoid most leafy green vegetables. Which of the following vitamins is mostlikely deficient in his diet

vitamin K

Which of the following nutrients have the lowest energy content per gram?

vitamins

Which of the following statements about the amino acids that are required by adult humans is true?

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Which of the following statements best explains why starch molecules must be broken down before theycan be absorbed by the small intestine?

They are too large to pass through the plasma membrane of the intestinal cell

Babies may receive an injection of vitamin K at birth. Which of the following is the most likely reasonwhy an injection of vitamin K would be given

Vitamin K is required to prevent bleeding, and babies are born with low levels of thisvitamin.

The lower region of the small intestine is structured to create large amounts of surface area so that it canmore efficiently

absorb the chemical building blocks that are produced by digestion

The human liver produces bile, a substance that

allows fats to dissolve more easily in the watery contents of the gut.

Pancreatic cancer is an especially dangerous disease in humans because the pancreas is

an organ that manufactures many different kinds of digestive enzymes.

As an experiment, a person who wishes to avoid getting ill during the winter significantly boosts his orher vitamin intake by taking multiple vitamin supplements. This action could

be dangerous, because the human body needs vitamins only in small amounts.

The function of the esophagus is to

carry food to the stomach.

If you were a bird about to embark on a long migratory journey, which of the following nutrients wouldyou want to have stored in large quantities?

fats

The liver secretes bile to the

gallbladder.

One of the advantages of the villi that line the small intestine is that they

increase the surface area available for food absorption.

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the journey of a potato chip through our digestivetract?

mouth to esophagus to stomach to small intestine to large intestine to anus

A genetic mutation has altered a signaling molecule found embedded within cell membranes. Thissignaling molecule is most likely a

protein

The advantage of chewing food is that this process

provides mechanical digestion and increases the surface area of the food for furtherdigestion

Minerals are

required by the human body in small amounts.

Which of the following would NOT be found in the lower small intestine?

smooth surface

The most likely potential problem faced by a person who is following a low-protein diet is the failure t

take in enough essential amino acids.

Food passing through our digestive tract would contain the fewest nutrients when it reaches which of thefollowing organs?

the large intestine

Which of the following organs plays a role in producing vitamin D?

the skin

How rapidly an organism can absorb nutrients generally depends on

the surface area available for absorption.

Which of the following vitamins is NOT associated with building or maintaining bones and teeth?

vitamin E