Chapter 23: Promoting Asepsis and Preventing Infection Practice Problems

The nurse is obtaining a patient's health history related to infections. Which are the appropriate questions the nurse will ask the patient? Select all that apply. 1."Have you recently traveled out of the country?" 2."How would you describe your current stress level?" 3."Do you like fruits and vegetables?" 4."What is your normal heart rate?" 5."What types of herbal products do you use?"

1. "Have you recently traveled out of the country?" 2. "How would you describe your current stress level?" 5. "What types of herbal products do you use?"

A patient asks the nurse why there is no vaccine available for the common cold. Which response by the nurse is correct?" 1."The virus changes too rapidly to develop a vaccine." 2."Vaccines are developed only for very serious illnesses." 3."Researchers are focusing their efforts on an HIV vaccine." 4."The virus for the common cold has not been identified."

1. "The virus changes too rapidly to develop a vaccine"

The nurse assists a surgeon with central venous catheter insertion. Which action is necessary to help maintain sterile technique? 1.Closing the patient's door to limit room traffic while preparing the sterile field 2.Using clean procedure gloves to handle sterile equipment 3.Placing the nonsterile syringes containing flush solution on the sterile field 4.Remaining 6 inches away from the sterile field during the procedure

1. Closing the patients door to limit room traffic while preparing the sterile field

The nurse has just administered a subcutaneous insulin injection to a diabetic patient. What is the next immediate action by the nurse? 1.Dispose of the needle/syringe uncapped into a disposable sharps container. 2.Recap the syringe with needle and dispose into a sharps container. 3.Place the needle/syringe into a biohazard bag inside the patient's room. 4.Separate the needle and syringe and place them into a sharps container.

1. Dispose of the needles/syringe uncapped into a disposable shaprs container

Which factors protect the body against infection? Select all that apply. 1.Eating a healthy well-balanced diet 2.Being an older adult or an infant 3.Engaging in stress reduction activities 4.Exercising regularly 5.Taking chemotherapeutic agents

1. Eating a healthy well-balanced diet 3. Engaging in stress reducation activities 4. Exercising regularly

A patient becomes infected with oral candidiasis (thrush) while receiving intravenous antibiotics to treat a systemic infection. Which type of infection has the patient developed? 1.Endogenous healthcare-related infection 2.Exogenous healthcare-related infection 3.Latent infection 4.Primary infection

1. Endogenous healthcare-related infection

The hospital nurse educator is preparing an orientation class for those newly hired on the surgical suite. Which information will the educator include in the orientation curriculum regarding hand and fingernail care? Select all that apply. 1.Healthcare staff must routinely inspect their hands for breaks in the skin. 2.Artificial nails are permitted if properly secured to the nailbed. 3.Wristwatches be may be worn as long as they are all metal. 4.Healthcare staff are to avoid wearing nail polish. 5.Fingernail length should be kept to half inch or less.

1. Healthcare staff must routinely inspect their hands for breaks in the skin 4. Healthcare staff are to avoid wearing nail polish

The patient in the intensive care unit has developed a urinary tract infection related to the indwelling urinary catheter. Which type of infection does this best describe? 1.Nosocomial infection 2.Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) 3.Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) 4.Unavoidable occurrence

1. Nosocomial infection

Should a bioterrorism event occur; what factor is most important in minimizing the effects of such an event? 1.Rapidly recognize unusual disease patterns, and detect the presence of unusual infectious diseases. 2.Communicate any extraordinary events to the organization's safety officer. 3.Report any suspicious findings to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 4.Institute a community-wide education program for standard precautions and handwashing.

1. Rapidly recognize unusal disease patterns, and detect the presence of unusual infectious diseases

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a federal agency devoted to infection control and prevention in healthcare settings. What are the goals of the CDC? Select all that apply. 1.Reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections 2.Reduce targeted antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections 3.Decrease ventilator-associated pneumonia 4.Establish competencies to improve quality and safety for nursing education 5.Develop the National Patient Safety Goals

1. Reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections 2. Reduce targeted antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections 3. Decrease ventilator-associated pneumonia

Which information would the nurse include in a health promotion class about the association between smoking and pulmonary infections? Select all that apply. 1.Smoking interferes with respiratory functions, including the ability to move the chest, cough, and sneeze. 2.Smoking increases alveolar elasticity, leading to overproduction of mucus that leads to pulmonary infections. 3.Smoking decreases movement of the cilia in the lower airways, creating a favorable environment for bacterial growth. 4.Nonsmokers chronically exposed to secondhand smoke have minimal risk for pulmonary infections. 5.Smoking increases the production of abnormal red blood cells, leading to ineffective protection against infections.

1. Smoking interferes with repsiratory functions, including the ability to move the chest, cough, and sneeze 3. smoking decreases movement of the cilia in the lower airways, creating a favorable environement for bacteiral growth

The nurse is caring for a patient who has hepatitis B and accidentally sticks self with a contaminated needle after administering an injection. Which action should the nurse take first? 1.Thoroughly flush the area with water. 2.Immediately notify the supervisor. 3.Complete an incident report using objective data. 4.Obtain baseline lab work as quickly as possible.

1. Thoroughly flush the area with water

Alcohol-based solutions for hand hygiene can be used to combat which types of organisms? Select all that apply. 1.Viruses 2.Bacterial spores 3.Yeasts 4.Molds 5.Organic material

1. Viruses 3. Yeasts 4. Molds

The nurse is teaching a group of newly hired unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) about proper handwashing with soap and water. The nurse will know that the teaching was effective if a UAP demonstrates which behaviors? Select all that apply. 1.Uses a dry paper towel to turn off the faucet 2.Holds fingertips above the wrists while rinsing off the soap 3.Removes all rings and watch before washing hands 4.Cleans underneath each fingernail 5.Vigorously rubs hands together for at least 15 seconds

1. uses a dry paper twol to turn off the faucet 3. Removed all rings and watch before washing hands 4. Cleans underneath each fingernail 5 .vigorously rubs hands together for at leat 15 seconds

The mother of a 6-year-old child says to the pediatric nurse, "My son had such a bad case of the measles. I hope he doesn't get them again." What is the most appropriate response by the nurse? 1."It sounds like he was very sick. Let's hope he doesn't get them again." 2."Measles is a disease that once you've had it, you won't get it again. The body has learned to make cells that will fight off any future exposures." 3."Would you like me to prepare a plan for you with ways you can prevent future episodes of measles?" 4."It will be important for you to keep your son away from other children with measles, as he is now more susceptible."

2. "Measles is a disease that once you've had it, you won't get it again. The body has learned to make cells that will fight off any future exposures"

As a general rule, what is the minimum amount of liquid antiseptic solution in milliliters (mL) the nurse would use for effective handwashing? 1. 2 2. 3 3. 6 4. 7

2. 3

A patient with tuberculosis is admitted to the hospital. Which precautions must the nurse institute when caring for this patient? 1.Droplet transmission 2.Airborne transmission 3.Direct contact 4.Indirect contact

2. Airborne transmision

The nurse is removing personal protective equipment (PPE). Which item should be removed first? 1.Gown 2.Gloves 3.Face shield 4.Hair covering

2. Gloves

A patient who has a temperature of 100°F (37.8°C) most likely requires: 1.Acetaminophen 2.Increased fluids 3.Bedrest 4.A hot bath

2. Increased fluids

What type of immunity is provided by intravenous (IV) administration of immunoglobulin G (IgG)? 1.Cell-mediated 2.Passive 3.Secondary defense 4.Active

2. Passive

How should the nurse remove the disposable breakfast tray of a patient who requires airborne isolation? 1.Move the tray to a specially marked trashcan inside the patient's room. 2.Place the tray in a special isolation bag held by a second healthcare worker at the patient's door. 3.Return the tray with a note to dietary services so that it can be cleaned and reused for the next meal. 4.Carry the tray to an isolation trash receptacle located in the dirty utility room, and dispose of it there.

2. Place the tray in a special isolation bag held by a second healthcare worker at the patient's door

While donning sterile gloves, the nurse notices the edges of the glove package are slightly yellow. The yellow area is more than 1 inch away from the gloves and only appears to be on the outside of the glove package. What is the best action for the nurse to take at this point? 1.Continue using the gloves inside the package because the package is intact. 2.Remove the gloves from the sterile field, and use a new pair of sterile gloves. 3.Throw away all supplies that were to be used, and begin again. 4.Use the gloves and make sure the yellow edges of the package do not touch the client.

2. Remove the gloves from the sterile field, and use a new paire of sterile gloves

The community health nurse is preparing a teaching plan for infection control in the home. Which instructions will the nurse include in the plan for the home setting? Select all that apply. 1.Keep a supply of broad-spectrum antibiotics. 2.Use clean technique for urinary catheterization. 3.Wash hands before preparing food. 4.Share personal items routinely. 5.Mix 10-part bleach to 25-parts water for a cleaning solution.

2. Use cleain techniue for urinary catheterization 3. Wash hands before preparing food

In which situation would using standard precautions be adequate? Select all that apply. 1.While interviewing a client with a contagious productive cough 2.While helping a client perform his or her own hygiene care 3.While taking vital signs for a client who has smallpox 4.While inserting a peripheral intravenous catheter 5.While assessing sutures in an abdominal incision

2. While helping a client perform his or her own hygiene care 4. While inserting a peripheral intravenous catheter 5. While assessing sutures in an abdominal incision

The nurse is caring for a client with Clostridium difficile infection. The nurse is caring for which client? 1.A neonate just born to a mother with a sinus infection 2.A young adult with vancomycin-resistant enterococci 3.A 78-year-old male taking antibiotics for cellulitis 4.A 45-year-old female taking hormonal medications

3. A 78 year old male taking antibiotics for cellulitis

A patient admitted to the hospital with pneumonia has been receiving antibiotics for 2 days. The patient's condition has stabilized, and the temperature has returned to normal. Which stage of infection is the patient most likely experiencing? 1.Incubation 2.Prodromal 3.Decline 4.Illness

3. Decline

What is the most effective method to prevent the spread of infection among institutionalized patients? 1.Place patient on airborne precautions. 2.Prevent contact with contaminated equipment. 3.Perform hand hygiene routinely. 4.Decrease exposure to infections from family members.

3. Perform hand hygiene routinely

A patient with tuberculosis is scheduled for computed tomography (CT). How should the nurse proceed? Select all that apply. 1.Question the order because the patient must remain in isolation. 2.Place an N-95 respirator mask on the patient, and transport to the test. 3.Place a surgical mask on the patient and transport to CT lab. 4.Notify the computed tomography department about precautions prior to transport. 5.Apply a sterile gown and face shield over the patient before leaving the room.

3. Place a surgical mask on the patient and transport to the CT lab 4. Notify the computed tomography department about precautions prior to transport

Which behavior by the nurse indicates the highest potential for spreading infections among clients? 1.Disinfects dirty hands with antibacterial soap 2.Rubs alcohol-based hand gel for 20-30 seconds 3.Washes hands primarily after leaving each room 4.Uses warm water for medical asepsis

3. Washes hands primairly after leaving each room

A patient develops localized heat and erythema over an area on the lower leg. These findings are primarily indicative of which secondary defense against infection? 1.Phagocytosis 2.Lysozyme 3.Inflammation 4.Immunity

3. inflammation

Which term should the nurse use to describe a patient infected with a virus but who does not have any outward signs of the disease? 1.Pathogen 2.Fomite 3.Vector 4.Carrier

4. Carrier

The patient is just beginning to feel symptoms after being exposed to an upper respiratory infection. Which initial antibody would most likely be elevated in a test of immunoglobulin (Ig) levels? 1.IgA 2.IgE 3.IgG 4.IgM

4. IgM

To ensure effectiveness, when should the nurse stop rubbing antiseptic hand gel over all surfaces of the hands? 1.When fingers feel sticky 2.After 5 to 10 seconds 3.Before leaving the client's room 4.Once fingers and hands feel dry

4. Once fingers and hands feel dry