Chapter 23 - Section 1&2

Shallow water; continent

Continents are outlined in most places by a zone of__where the ocean covers the end of the_.

Unusual; no; exist

During one dive in a submersible, startled oceanographers saw communities of_marine life living at depths and temperatures where scientists thought that almost_life could_.

Mediterranean Sea Caribbean Sea South China Sea

Examples of major seas include the:

5; Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and the Southern Ocean

How many oceans are there? What are they?

Higher; Flatter

In the deep-ocean basins, the mountains are_and the plains are_than any other feature found on the continents are.

Sea Level; Iceland

Mid-ocean ridges rise above__in only a few places, such as in_.

Bathysphere; connected; communications; life support

One such submersible is the_, a spherical diving vessel that remains_to the research ships for__and__.

Submarine Robots

Other modern submersibles are__.

Sonar

SOund Navigation And Ranging, a system that uses acoustic signals and returned echoes to determine the location of objects or to communicate

Maps; Profiles

Scientists then use the information to make_and_of the ocean floor.

Oceanic islands

Seamounts that rise above the ocean surface form__.

Bathymetry

Shape of ocean floor

Guyots; tablemounts

Submerged seamounts are called_or_.

Seamounts; hotspots

Submerged volcano mountains that are taller 1km are called_. Seamounts form in areas of increased volcanic activity called_.

- The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth's surface. With an average depth of of 4.3 km, it is also the deepest ocean. - The next largest ocean is the Atlantic Ocean. - The Indian Ocean is the third-largest Ocean. - The Southern Ocean is the fourth- largest ocean and extends from the coast of Antarctica to 60 degrees latitude. - The Arctic Ocean is smallest ocean, and it surrounds the North Pole.

The Global Ocean is divided into 5 Major oceans:

Global ocean

The body of salt water that covers nearly three-fourths of Earth's surface

Offshore; ocean; continental margin

The boundaries are actually some distance_and beneath the_and the thick sediments of the__.

V-shaped valleys; submarine canyons

The continental shelf and continental slope may be cut by deep__. These deep valleys are called__.

97%

The global ocean contains more than_of all of the water on Earth.

Mid-Ocean Ridges; Underwater Mountain Ranges

The most prominent feature of the ocean basins are the___, which form___that run along the floors of all oceans.

2

The ocean floor can be divided into_major oceans.

Continental Shelf

The part of the continent that is covered by water is called the__.

Deep-Ocean Basin

The part of the ocean floor that is deep under ocean water beyond the continental margin and that is composed of oceanic crust and a thin layer of sediment

Oceanography

The scientific study of the ocean, including the properties and movement of ocean water, the characteristics of the ocean floor, and the organisms that live in the ocean

Continental Margin

The shallow area floor that is located between the shoreline and the deep-ocean bottom

HMS Challenger; oceanography

The voyage of the__laid the foundation for the modern science of_.

Sea

A large, commonly saline body of water that is smaller than an ocean an that may be partially or completely surrounded by land

Abyssal plain

A large, flat, almost level area of the deep-ocean basin

Trench

A long, narrow, and steep depression that forms on the ocean floor; may be as deep as 11km; also called an ocean trench or deep ocean trench

Half; flattest; sediment

Abyssal plains cover about_of the deep-ocean basins and are the_regions of the Earth. Layers of fine_cover the abyssal plains.

Continental Shelf; Continental Margin; Deep-Ocean Basin

Although it is underwater, a__is part of the__, not the___.

Bathyscaph

Another type of piloted submersible, called a_, is a self-propelled, free moving submarine.

Ridges; break; faults

As_adjust to changes in the direction of plate motions, they_into segments that are bounded by_.

Continental Slope

At the seaward edge of a continental shelf is steep slope called a__.

Remotely Operated Vehicle

What is a ROV?

Submersibles

_have helped scientists make exciting discoveries about the deep ocean.

Fracture zones; ridge

These faults create areas of rough topography called__, which run perpendicularly across the_.

Flat Plains Submerged Volcanoes Gigantic Mountain Ranges Deep Trenches

These features include:(deep-ocean basin)

Continental Rise

These sediments form a wedge at the base of the continental slope called a__.

Submersibles

Underwater research vessels, called_, also enable oceanographers to study the ocean depths.