Chapter 24
In The Affluent Society, John Kenneth Galbraith pointed out the:
persistence of poverty
The Twenty-second Amendment:
prohibited presidents from serving more than two terms
After the war, Americans were most eager to:
purchase
New conservatives trusted government to:
regulate personal behavior.
In response to the Little Rock crisis of 1957, Eisenhower:
sent 1,000 federal troops to protect black students
Between 1945 and 1960, home ownership:
significantly increased
Elvis was especially controversial because of his:
suggestive gyrations on stage
In Brown v. Board of Education, what was Thurgood Marshall's main argument before the Supreme Court?
that segregation did lifelong damage to black children, undermining their self-esteem
Challenges to the mass conformity of the 1950s came from:
the Beats
One sign of the times came in 1954 when Congress added the words "under God" to:
the Pledge of Allegiance
As a result of the Montgomery boycott in 1955-1956:
the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public transportation was illegal
As a result of the Montgomery boycott in 1955-1956:
the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public transportation was illegal.
Senator Joseph McCarthy's power began to unravel when he made reckless charges about Communist influence in:
the U.S. Army
One major reason for religion's growing appeal in the 1950s was:
the desire to combat godless communism
Between 1945 and 1960 in the United States:
the gross national product almost doubled
In his 1961 farewell address, President Eisenhower warned Americans about:
the military-industrial complex.
In his farewell address, Eisenhower warned about:
the power of the military-industrial complex
Most blacks who moved to Chicago were fleeing terrible poverty in:
the rural South
The postwar era witnessed its most dramatic population growth in:
the sunbelt
Why did Eisenhower intervene in Vietnam?
to prevent Vietnam from becoming a communist nation
By the 1950s, suburban life was marked by an increasing:
uniformity
In response to the court-ordered desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas:
violence broke out, and President Eisenhower sent in federal troops.
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference:
was a coalition of black ministers and civil rights activists who fought for desegregation.
The phenomenon of "white flight" in the 1950s:
was a major cause of the growth of the suburbs
The Montgomery Bus Boycott:
was sparked when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her seat up to a white man.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott:
was sparked when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man.
After World War II, most working women:
were concentrated in low-paying, nonunion jobs such as clerical, sales, and service labor.
During the postwar suburban boom, African-Americans:
were often unable to receive either private or public financing for housing
During the postwar suburban boom, African-Americans:
were often unable to receive either private or public financing for housing.
By the mid-1950s, most workers:
were white collar
During the 1950s, the income gap between whites and blacks:
widened
The Housing Act of 1949:
b) reinforced the concentration of poverty in nonwhite urban neighborhoods.
In response to the court-ordered desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas:
b) violence broke out, and President Eisenhower sent in federal troops.
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference:
b) was a coalition of black ministers and civil rights activists who fought for desegregation.
By 1960, about 65 percent of Americans:
belonged to a church
In the postwar era, the trend in the corporate sector was toward:
bigness and concentration
William Levitt, coupled with the GI Bill, gave many Americans the opportunity to
buy a home.
The Southern Manifesto:
c) repudiated the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education.
As a result of the Montgomery boycott in 1955-1956:
c) the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public transportation was illegal.
All of the following are true of Sputnik 1 EXCEPT that it:
carried a nuclear warhead
The postwar economic boom was fueled mainly by:
cold war-related military spending
In the 1950s, teenagers became especially important as:
consumers
President Eisenhower used the CIA to overthrow which Middle Eastern government in the early 1950s, in large part because this government attempted to nationalize British-owned oil fields?
d) Iran.
Which statement best describes how the white South reacted to the Brown v. Board of Education decision?
d) Some states closed the public schools rather than integrate, and offered white children the choice to opt out of integrated schools.
After World War II, the automobile:
d) altered the American landscape.
During the 1950s, television:
d) became an effective advertising medium.
The 1960 presidential debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon:
d) highlighted the impact of television on political campaigns.
Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected president in 1952 in part because he:
d) manifested a public image of fatherly warmth.
Secretary of State John Foster Dulles's policy of massive retaliation:
declared that any Soviet attack on an American ally would be countered by a nuclear attack on the Soviet Union.
All of the following contributed to the emergence of the civil rights movement of the 1950s EXCEPT:
e) President Truman's refusal to desegregate the military.
Why did Eisenhower intervene in Vietnam?
e) To prevent Vietnam from becoming a communist nation.
Secretary of State John Foster Dulles's policy of massive retaliation:
e) declared that any Soviet attack would be countered by a nuclear attack.
The ability to influence the world with American goods and popular culture is called:
e) soft power.
During the postwar suburban boom, African-Americans:
e) were often unable to receive financing for housing.
Many critics of American life in the 1950s believed that middle-class society suffered from:
excessive conformity
All of the following increased through the postwar years EXCEPT:
family savings
The youthful rebels known as the Beats:
favored road trips, Buddhism, and jazz
In 1954, the Supreme Court case known as Brown v. Board of Education:
found that separate-but-equal was unconstitutional
In 1954, the Supreme Court case known as Brown v. Board of Education:
found that separate-but-equal was unconstitutional.
In 1954, the Supreme Court case known as Brown v. Board of Education:
found that the separate-but-equal doctrine was unconstitutional.
With the end of World War II, women workers were encouraged to:
give up their jobs to returning veterans
Ultimately, the Beats:
helped inspire the youth revolt of the 1960s
The 1960 presidential debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon:
highlighted the impact of television on political campaigns.
In the 1960 presidential race, John F. Kennedy became the Democratic candidate, despite:
his Catholicism.
After World War II, suburban growth:
increased dramatically, especially in places like Levittown and California
After World War II, suburban growth:
increased dramatically, especially in places like Levittown and California.
After World War II, suburban growth:
increased dramatically, especially in places such as Levittown and California.
During the 1950s, American teenagers:
increased in number and were often perceived to be alienated.
Martin Luther King Jr. was:
inspired by the teachings of Gandhi.
Between 1946 and 1960, the American gross national product:
more than doubled, and wages increased.
Suburban growth was spurred by all of the following EXCEPT:
new construction of mass public transportation
Montgomery showed African Americans and the civil rights movement the power of:
nonviolent protest
During the 1950s, Americans:
on average, married younger and had more children as compared to previous generations.
By the early 1950s, the United States was supporting the French effort against the Viet Minh:
only financially
President Eisenhower used the CIA to overthrow which Middle Eastern government in the early 1950s, in large part because this government attempted to nationalize British-owned oil fields?
Iran
Which of the following is NOT true of the GI Bill?
Its huge cost did not justify its benefits.
Which Supreme Court decision did Brown overturn?
Plessy v. Ferguson
Which statement best describes how the white South reacted to the Brown v. Board of Education decision?
Some states closed the public schools, rather than integrate, and offered white children the choice to opt out of integrated schools
What was the organization called that Martin Luther King Jr. established after the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Southern Christian Leadership Council (SCLC)
Who argued the case Brown v. Board of Education before the Supreme Court?
Thurgood Marshall
The arrest of Rosa Parks in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955 inspired:
a massive bus boycott
Which Supreme Court decision did Brown overturn?
a) Plessy v. Ferguson.
In Brown v. Board of Education, what was Thurgood Marshall's main argument before the Supreme Court?
a) That segregation did lifelong damage to black children, undermining their self-esteem.
Between 1946 and 1960, the American gross national product:
a) more than doubled, and wages increased.
In his 1961 farewell address, President Eisenhower warned Americans about:
a) the military-industrial complex.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott:
a) was sparked when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her seat up to a white man.
After World War II, the automobile:
altered the American landscape
After World War II, the automobile:
altered the American landscape.
Dulles's policy of "brinksmanship" involved:
averting war through the threat of nuclear force
William Levitt, with the help of the GI Bill, gave many Americans the opportunity to
b) buy a home.
During the Eisenhower administration, U.S.-Soviet relations:
b) improved somewhat after the end of the Korean War and the death of Stalin.
After World War II, suburban growth:
b) increased dramatically, especially in California.
To libertarian conservatives, freedom meant:
b) individual autonomy, limited government, and unregulated capitalism.