CHAPTER 24 FILL IN THE BLANK

List 4 cardinal vital signs.

1. Temperature 2. Pulse 3. Respiration 4. Blood Pressure

BP Adult

100-119(S) or 60-79(D)

Respiration Range Adolescence to adulthood

12-20 brpm - 16 average

Prehypertension

120-139(S) or 80-89(D)

Pulse Range Newborn

120-160 bpm - 140 average

Stage 1 hypertension

140-159(S) or 90-99(D)

Carlos counts eight respirations for 30 seconds. The rate is _________ per minute

16

Respiration Range 7-11 years

16-22 brpm - 19 average

Respiration range 4-6 years

18-25 brpm - 22 average

Respiration Range 1-3 years

20-30 brpm - 25 average

Respiration Range Newborn

30-50 brpm -40 average

Patients typically have a ration of _______ pulse beat(s) to ______ respirations

4 , 1

Pulse Range Adolescence to adulthood

60-100 bpm - 80 average

Blood Pressure Newborn

60-96(S) or 80-89(D)

Pulse Range 7-11 years

75-110 brpm - 95 average

Pulse Range 3-6 years

75-120 bpm - 100 average

BP 4-6 YEARS

78-112(S) OR 50-79(D)

BP 1-3 years

78-112(S) or 48-78(D)

Pulse Range 1-2 years

80-140 bpm - 120 average

BP 7-11 years

85-114(S) or 50-79(D)

BP Adolescent

94-119(S) or 58-79(D)

Stage 2 hypertension

>160(S) or >100(D)

Temperatures considered febrile include the following: A. Aural (ear) temperatures higher than _________ B. Oral temperatures higher than _______ C. Axillary temperatures higher than _________

A. 100.4 F or 38 C B. 99.5 F or 37.5 C C. 98.6 F or 37 C

List and Describe 3 factors that may affect body temperature

A. Age- B. Stress and Physical Activity- excercise and emotional stress can increase the metabolic rate C. Gender- Hormone secretions result in fluctuations of the core body temperature in women through out the menstrual cycle

Anthropometeric Measurements

A. Height B. Weight C. BMI D. Fat composition

4 common causes of errors in BP readings

A. Limb is above heart leverl B. Cuff is released to rapidly C. Cuff was applied improperly D. Cuff was not placed around the arm smoothly

List the 3 characteristics of respirations

A. Rate B. Rhythm C. Depth

What 3 characteristics should the medical assistant note while measuring a pulse?

A. Rate B. Rhythm C. Volume

4 physiologic factors that can affect an individual's BP

A. Volume B. Peripheal resistance C. Vessel elasticity D. Condition of the heart

Medication to reduce a fever is called a(n) _______

Antipyretic

The ________ pulse is the most accurate method of taking the pulse of infants and of patients with an arrhythmia.

Apical

Blood pressure is a reflection of the pressure of the blood against the walls of the _______

Arteries

__________ temperatures are approximately 1 F lower than accurate oral readings.

Axillary

The brachial pulse, which is palpated before the blood pressure is taken, is located in the ________ of the elbow

Bend

Pulse site Brachial

Bend of Elbow

What are the common signs and symptoms of hypertension

Blurred vision, angia, vertigo, dyspnea, fatigue, headache, flushing, nose bleed, and palpitations.

A(n) ________ fever rises and falls only slightly during a 24-hour period. It remains above the patient's average normal range.

Continuous

A bluish discoloration of the skin caused by increased CO2 buildup is called ___________

Cyanosis

______ describes the relaxation of the heart.

Diastole

________ thermometers are not as accurate as other methods but may be used by parents of young children in the home

Disposable

Pedal and popliteal pulses may be checked with an ultrasound device called a(n) __________

Doppler Ultrasound

What is the difference in essential and secondary hypertension.

Essential is idiopathic (unknown cause) Secondary is caused by another underlying pathologic condition

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs is called _________

External Respiration

Dorsalis Pedis

Foot

3 point scale for recording pulse 3T

Full bounding pulse - very strong doesn't go away with moderate pressure

Pulse site Apical

Heart

A patient who is anxious or in pain may have an increase in the pulse rate, which is called _________

Hyperventilation

A(n) _______ fever comes and goes, or it spikes and then returns to the average range.

Intermittent

A patient with a significant difference between the apical and brachial pulse counts ha a(n)________

Irregular heartbeat

A patient with a significant difference between the apical and brachial pulse counts has a(n)________

Irregular heartbeat

Pulse site Popliteal

Knee

Is the first sound heard as the cuff deflates. Blood is resurging into the artery

Korotkoff Phase 1

Cuff deflates even more blood flows through the artery making a swishing sound

Korotkoff phase 2

Great deal of blood pushing down into the artery distinctive sharp tapping sound. Return continue rhythmic

Korotkoff phase 3

Blood is flowing easily. Sound changes to a soft tapping which becomes muffled and growws fainter

Korotkoff phase 4

All sounds disappear

Korotkoff phase 5

Pulse site Femoral

Leg (groin area)

Breathing rates are controlled by the respiratory center, which is located in the _________ of the brain

Medulla Oblongata

Pulse site Cartoid

Neck

3 point scale for recording pulse 2T

Normal pulse - easily fel but disappears with moderate pressure

Tympanic thermometers should not be used if the patient has _________ or ________

Otitis Externa or Cerumen

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is the ________

Pulse Pressure

A(n) ________ fever fluctuates greatly (more than 3 F) but does not return to the average range.

Remittent

When the heart rate varies with respirations, this is known as _________

Sinus Arrhythemia

A(n) _______ is the instrument used to measure the pressure of blood in the arteries.

Sphygmomano Meter

______ is the contraction of the heart

Systole

Blood pressure is recorded as a fraction; the _______ reading is the numerator (top number) and the ________ reading is the denominator (bottom number)

Systolic, Diastolic

Pulse site Temporal

Tempal

________ temperatures are an easy, noninvasive, and accurate alternative to taking rectal temperatures in infants.

Temporal

________ thermometers are an accurate means of taking temperatures in adults and older children because of the closeness to the hypothalamus.

Tympanic

__________ is the amount of blood in the arteries.

Volume

3 point scale for recording pulse 1T

Weak thready pulse - not easily found and disappears with slight pressure

Pulse site Radial

Wrist

One full respiration includes both _________ and __________

inspiration and expiration