Chapter 24 learning curve

Which of the following anatomical changes accompanied the transition (in humans) from partial to full bipedalism?

-the development of a "basin-shaped" pelvis -the narrowing of the human foot -the repositioning of the -foramen magnum in the skull the development of longer legs

Imagine that one of your friends has just learned about the multiregional hypothesis, and she is astonished that humans evolved independently on different continents. What evidence would you provide your friend that contradicts the multiregional hypothesis?

Cann's research using mitochondrial DNA demonstrated that humans originated in Africa, and subsequently migrated to other continents.

Which of the following statements reflects why cultural evolution is more rapid than biological evolution?

Culture can be transmitted through multiple, unrelated individuals at the same time. Biological evolution occurs through traits passed only from parent to offspring.

A high degree of genetic variability among individuals of the same species means that these individuals will always appear morphologically different. For example, as all Adelie penguins look alike, this species must have a low degree of genetic variation.

False

All evidence suggests that the Neanderthals did not interbreed with our ancestors.

False

Which of the following statements about great apes is correct?

Gorillas are more closely related to humans than to orangutans.

The mitochondrial DNA study indicated that there was no genetic input from Neanderthals in modern humans, but the whole-genome study suggests that in fact there was. One suggestion to explain this discrepancy is that the Neanderthal input into modern human populations was from males only. Which of the following strategies could be employed to test this hypothesis?

Look at the Y chromosome because it is paternally inherited.

Imagine that alien scientists are carrying out an experiment on Earth. They effectively construct a "shield" surrounding the planet that limits the amount of sunlight/UV radiation that reaches Earth's surface. If the alien scientists return after 60,000 years, what may they discover?

Natural selection would likely have selected for humans with little skin pigmentation.

Which of the following primates is the most closely related to humans?

Primates have nails instead of claws.

The first DNA comparison studies between humans and chimpanzees relied on which of the following?

The more complementary two strands of DNA are, the higher the melting point.

There is some debate about whether Homo floresiensis is a separate species or an aberrant form of Homo sapiens. Regardless, what we do know is that H. floresiensis were only found on an Indonesian island and adults were only 3 feet tall. What factors would have selected for this distinct phenotype on an island habitat, specifically?

The smaller body size was advantageous for living on an island, as food is often limited on islands.

Tool use is unique to humans.

false

You are working in a lab and come across a gene, gene X, that you think might explain some of the differences seen between chimpanzees and humans. Which of the following results would support your hypothesis?

if gene X was active in humans, juvenile chimpanzees and inactive in adult chimpanzees

Among the factors listed below, which explains the phenotypic differences seen between individuals in the human population?

presence of parasites in different areas amount of sunlight in different areas the altitude in different areas natural selection

Which of the following would be considered types of culture?

the styles of dress demonstrated by different human populations the manner in which different populations of chimpanzees catch insects the songs sung by certain populations of birds the ability of certain bird populations to open milk bottles

It is possible that subtle changes in gene regulation allowed for human neoteny, whereby humans resemble juvenile chimpanzees more so than adult chimpanzees.

true

Mitochondrial DNA studies were used to determine that Homo sapiens evolved in Africa and only later did they become established elsewhere.

true

Population genetic studies of humans show a significant amount of variation across all humans..

true