Chapter 24

Which of the following statements about the urinary bladder is false?

) In females, the bladder lies posterior to the uterus but anterior to the rectum.

How much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine?

1%

47) Which segment of the nephron has a simple squamous epithelium?

B) descending limb of the nephron loop

The function of the collecting duct is to

B) determine the final volume and concentration of urine.

Which of the following is not found in the renal corpuscle?

B) the nephron loop

Which vessels lie within the renal columns?

C) interlobar arteries

The name of the inferior of the three openings in the trigone of the bladder is the

C) internal urethral orifice.

46) Which of the following would not inhibit micturition?

C) relaxation of the internal urethal sphincter

Which structure(s) is (are) most important for holding the kidney in place in the abdomen?

C) renal fascia

Which of the following is not part of the filtration membrane?

D) granular cells

Arteries that branch to form the afferent arterioles to the glomeruli are

cortical radiate arteries.

Contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder

detrusor

Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole

glomerulus

The medial concave cleft in which vessels, ureters, and nerves enter/leave the kidney

hilum

The left renal vein ________ the right renal vein.

is longer than

Region of the distal tubule that monitors concentration of the filtrate

macula densa

Vessels and nerves enter and leave the kidney through the

medial hilum

Cup-shaped tubes that enclose the papillae of the pyramids.

minor calyx

Which of the following is found exclusively in the renal medulla?

nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons

In the micturition reflex, the detrusor muscle is stimulated to contract by

parasympathetic fibers.

Which of the following structures is most numerous within a kidney?

renal corpuscles

If you looked closely at the tip of a renal papilla with a hand lens, the hundreds of little openings you would see on its surface are

openings of papillary ducts

Which of the following supportive tissues is most superficial?

pararenal fat

The parts of the nephron whose epithelial cells contain the most mitochondria are the

proximal and distal tubules.

The part of the nephron whose epithelial cells are most responsible for resorption and secretion is the

proximal tubule

Infection of the renal pelvic and calyces is known as

pyelitis.

Before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the

renal pelvis.

The descriptive term for the location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity.

retroperitoneal

In the juxtaglomerular apparatus, the macula densa belongs to the

terminal nephron loop.

Why are urinary tract infections more common in females than in males?

In females the urethra is shorter than in males.

The kidneys lie behind the ________ cavity.

abdominal

Blood vessel that contains granular cells involved in blood pressure regulation

afferent arteriole

The external urethral sphincter is located

at the urogenital diaphragm.

48) An important difference between a cuboidal epithelial cell of the proximal versus the distal convoluted tubules is that

the proximal tubule cells have long microvilli that are fewer than or absent from the distal tubule cells

A large fat-filled space within the kidney that also contains the renal pelvis, blood vessels, and nerves

sinus

Which of the following conditions is most often seen in elderly males with prostatic hyperplasia?

urinary retention

Ladderlike looping blood vessels within the medulla

vasa recta

Which of the following is not normally found in urine?

glucose

The longest of the three parts of the male urethra is the

C) spongy urethra.

Renin is produced in

C) the granular cells.

75) Cortical nephrons are different from juxtamedullary nephrons in that

C) their nephron loop is shorter, with a shorter thin segment.

The most superficial layer of the kidney is the

cortex.

Which of the following statements about the internal urethral sphincter is false?

It is surrounded by the urogential diaphragm.

An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that

the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex

Of the following, the only epithelial type that does not line the urethra is

A) simple squamous.

The mucosal folds in the bladder (rugae)

have the same basic function as transitional epithelium—accommodating stretch as the bladder fills