Chapter 24: Urinary System

The kidneys lie behind the ________ cavity. A) abdominal B) pelvic C) thoracic D) cranial

A) abdominal

Of the following, the only epithelial type that does not line the urethra is A) simple squamous. B) pseudostratified columnar. C) stratified squamous. D) stratified columnar.

A) simple squamous.

Which segment of the nephron has a simple squamous epithelium? A) ascending limb of the nephron loop B) descending limb of the nephron loop C) distal convoluted tubule D) proximal convoluted tubule

B) descending limb of the nephron loop

The function of the collecting duct is to A) contract its muscular walls to expel urine from the cortex. B) determine the final volume and concentration of urine. C) drain blood from the kidney and deliver it to the renal vein. D) transport resorbed water back into the cardiovascular system.

B) determine the final volume and concentration of urine.

Which of the following processes does not participate in the production of urine in the kidney? A) filtration B) secretion C) evaporation D) resorption

C) evaporation

When Melinda was asked to identify a "mystery" slide on a histology test, she immediately identified it as renal cortex because of the presence of scattered A) renal corpuscles. B) thin segments. C) renal papillae. D) vasa recta.

A) renal corpuscles.

The descriptive term for the location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity. A) retroperitoneal B) intraperitoneal C) extraabdominal D) supraperitoneal E) subcapsular

A) retroperitoneal

Which of the following is not part of the filtration membrane? A) basement membrane B) capillary endothelium C) filtration slit diaphragm D) granular cells

D) granular cells

Ladderlike looping blood vessels within the medulla. A) vasa vasorum B) peritubular capillaries C) cortical radiate D) vasa recta E) interlobular

D) vasa recta

The parts of the nephron whose epithelial cells contain the most mitochondria are the A) renal corpuscle and distal tubule. B) proximal and distal tubules. C) thin segment and glomerular capsule. D) vasa recta and collecting tubules.

B) proximal and distal tubules.

The part of the nephron whose epithelial cells are most responsible for resorption and secretion is the A) glomerular capsule (podocytes). B) proximal tubule. C) thin segment. D) distal tubule.

B) proximal tubule.

Urine passes through the A) kidney hilum to the bladder to the ureter. B) renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra. C) glomerulus to the ureter to the nephron. D) hilus to the urethra to the bladder.

B) renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra.

Before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the A) renal sinus. B) renal pelvis. C) renal cortex. D) renal pyramids.

B) renal pelvis.

Which of the following is not found in the renal corpuscle? A) the glomerulus B) the nephron loop C) glomerular capsule D) podocytes

B) the nephron loop

Why are urinary tract infections more common in females than in males? A) In males the urethra is made up of three regions, whereas in females it is made of only one. B) In females the urethra is attached to the anterior vaginal wall by connective tissue. C) In females the urethra is shorter than in males. D) In males the urethra is shared by the both the reproductive and the urinary systems, whereas in females it is part of the urinary system only.

C) In females the urethra is shorter than in males.

Arteries that branch to form the afferent arterioles to the glomeruli are A) segmental arteries. B) arcuate arteries. C) cortical radiate arteries. D) interlobar arteries.

C) cortical radiate arteries.

Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole. A) arcuate arteries B) cortical radiate arteries C) glomerulus D) afferent arterioles E) peritubular capillaries

C) glomerulus

Another name for the neck of the bladder is the A) superior surface. B) anterior angle. C) inferior angle. D) trigone.

C) inferior angle.

Which vessels lie within the renal columns? A) arcuate arteries B) cortical radiate arteries C) interlobar arteries D) segmental arteries

C) interlobar arteries

The name of the inferior of the three openings in the trigone of the bladder is the A) ureteric orifice. B) urachus opening. C) internal urethral orifice. D) detrusor.

C) internal urethral orifice.

The left renal vein ________ the right renal vein. A) is shorter than B) is the same length as C) is longer than D) carries less blood than

C) is longer than

Region of the distal tubule that monitors concentration of the filtrate. A) vasa recta B) collecting duct C) macula densa D) mesangial E) extraglomerular

C) macula densa

If you looked closely at the tip of a renal papilla with a hand lens, the hundreds of little openings you would see on its surface are A) minor calyces. B) renal sinuses. C) openings of papillary ducts. D) glomeruli.

C) openings of papillary ducts.

How much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine? A) 1% B) 10% C) 50% D) 99%

A) 1%

Which of the following statements about the urinary bladder is false? A) In females, the bladder lies posterior to the uterus but anterior to the rectum. B) The ureters attach to the bladder through oblique posterolateral orifices. C) Two ureteral openings and the internal urethral orifice bound the trigone of the bladder. D) When empty, the bladder lies inferior to the abdominal cavity.

A) In females, the bladder lies posterior to the uterus but anterior to the rectum.

Cup-shaped tubes that enclose the papillae of the pyramids. A) major calyx B) minor calyx C) renal sinus D) renal pelvis E) cortical columns

B) minor calyx

Which of the following supportive tissues is most superficial? A) fibrous capsule B) pararenal fat C) perirenal fat D) renal fascia

B) pararenal fat

In the micturition reflex, the detrusor muscle is stimulated to contract by A) sphincter neurons from the brain. B) sympathetic fibers. C) parasympathetic fibers. D) visceral sensory fibers from the vagus

C) parasympathetic fibers.

Which of the following structures is most numerous within a kidney? A) cortical radiate arteries B) minor calyces C) renal corpuscles D) renal papillae

C) renal corpuscles

The longest of the three parts of the male urethra is the A) prostatic. B) membranous. C) spongy urethra. D) neck.

C) spongy urethra.

The layer of podocytes is the same as the A) parietal layer. B) glomerulus. C) visceral layer of glomerular capsule. D) capsular space.

C) visceral layer of glomerular capsule.

The epithelium lining the urinary bladder that permits distension is A) stratified squamous. B) transitional. C) simple squamous. D) pseudostratified columnar.

B) transitional.

Cortical nephrons are different from juxtamedullary nephrons in that A) they are much less abundant. B) they produce urine, whereas juxtamedullary nephrons do not. C) their nephron loop is shorter, with a shorter thin segment. D) they do not have a proximal convoluted tubule.

C) their nephron loop is shorter, with a shorter thin segment.

C) renal fascia

Which structure(s) is (are) most important for holding the kidney in place in the abdomen? A) renal vessels B) renal ligaments C) renal fascia D) the diaphragm, through its muscle tone

Blood vessel that contains granular cells involved in blood pressure regulation. A) afferent arteriole B) efferent arteriole C) segmental artery D) macula densa E) extraglomerular mesangial

A) afferent arteriole

The most superficial layer of the kidney is the A) cortex. B) medulla. C) renal pyramids. D) renal papilla.

A) cortex.

Which of the following is found exclusively in the renal medulla? A) nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons B) cortical radiate arteries C) peritubular capillaries D) proximal convoluted tubules

A) nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons

In the juxtaglomerular apparatus, the macula densa belongs to the A) terminal nephron loop. B) glomerulus. C) efferent arteriole. D) visceral layer of the glomerular capsule (podocytes).

A) terminal nephron loop.

During a dissection, Arnie saw the ureters entering the lateral corners of the bladder but found the internal openings of the ureters in the trigone near the midline of the bladder. His observation necessarily means that A) the ureters run medially for some distance within the posterior bladder wall. B) the ureters and urethra are really the same tube. C) each ureter must have four distinct openings into the bladder. D) this bladder had a congenital defect.

A) the ureters run medially for some distance within the posterior bladder wall.

Based on what you know about the location of the kidneys in the posterior abdominal wall, the hilum of the kidney must be at the level of which vertebra? A) T11 or T12 B) L1 or L2 C) L4 D) T8

B) L1 or L2

An increase in the permeability of collecting tubule cells to water is due to A) a decrease in the production of ADH. B) an increase in the production of ADH. C) a decrease in the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma. D) the presence of a salty urine in the bladder.

B) an increase in the production of ADH.

Contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder. A) cremaster B) detrusor C) diaphragm D) vesicular E) dartos

B) detrusor

Which of the following is not normally found in urine? A) urea B) glucose C) uric acid D) creatinine

B) glucose

The medial concave cleft in which vessels, ureters, and nerves enter/leave the kidney. A) cortex B) hilum C) renal corpuscle D) renal capsule E) sinus

B) hilum

Which of the following statements about the internal urethral sphincter is false? A) It is a thickening of the detrusor muscle. B) It is located superior to the prostatic urethra in males. C) It is not consciously controlled. D) It is surrounded by the urogential diaphragm.

D) It is surrounded by the urogential diaphragm.

The external urethral sphincter is located A) at the external urethral orifice. B) at the junction of the bladder wall and urethra. C) at the ureteral orifice. D) at the urogenital diaphragm.

D) at the urogenital diaphragm.

Which of the following regions of the nephron is most likely to be found in the renal medulla? A) glomerulus B) proximal convoluted tubule C) distal convoluted tubule D) collecting duct

D) collecting duct

85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney. A) sinusoidal B) trabecular C) medullary D) cortical E) extrinsic

D) cortical

The mucosal folds in the bladder (rugae) A) act to increase the surface area for absorption. B) thicken the bladder wall so that it does not burst. C) are not present in life, only in cadavers. D) have the same basic function as transitional epithelium—accommodating stretch as the bladder fills

D) have the same basic function as transitional epithelium—accommodating stretch as the bladder fills

Vessels and nerves enter and leave the kidney through the A) fibrous capsule. B) lateral convex surface. C) inferior surface. D) medial hilum.

D) medial hilum.

An important difference between a cuboidal epithelial cell of the proximal versus the distal convoluted tubules is that A) the former only secretes, the latter only filters. B) one lies in the renal cortex, the other in the medulla. C) only one has a folded basolateral membrane containing enzymes for ion transport. D) the proximal tubule cells have long microvilli that are fewer than or absent from the distal tubule cells.

D) the proximal tubule cells have long microvilli that are fewer than or absent from the distal tubule cells.

An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that A) only the vasa recta are supplied by efferent arterioles. B) the vasa recta drain into arterioles, whereas the peritubular capillaries drain into venules. C) the vasa recta are involved in filtration, whereas the peritubular capillaries are involved in resorption. D) the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex.

D) the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex.