Chapter 25 Content Review

In 1938, Anschluss A) was proclaimed by Hitler. B) caused an uproar in the United States. C) was created at the Munich Conference. D) led France to put its military on alert. E) came to be identified with Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain.

A) was proclaimed by Hitler.

President Franklin Roosevelt's sharpest foreign policy break with Herbert Hoover concerned A) Latin America. B) Europe. C) Asia. D) Russia. E) Mexico.

B) Europe.

The American ambassador to London who insisted in 1940 that the British plight was already hopeless was A) Neville Chamberlain. B) Joseph Kennedy. C) Gerald Nye. D) Burton Wheeler. E) Wendell Willkie.

B) Joseph Kennedy.

All of the following nations were signatories to the Five-Power Pact of 1922 EXCEPT A) Britain. B) Russia. C) France. D) Italy. E) Japan.

B) Russia.

By September 1941, A) Germany had agreed with Japan to fight against the United States. B) the United States extended lend-lease privileges to the Soviet Union. C) President Roosevelt made a secret agreement to send American troops to England. D) Germany claimed it had no interest in engaging America in war. E) the German navy had begun to sink American destroyers, including the Reuben James.

B) the United States extended lend-lease privileges to the Soviet Union.

By the middle of 1940, Germany had defeated A) Norway. B) Denmark. C) France. D) the Netherlands. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

The Munich Conference of 1938 was precipitated by a crisis over A) Austria. B) Poland. C) Hungary. D) Belgium. E) Czechoslovakia.

E) Czechoslovakia.

Which of the following statements about the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany is FALSE? A) His rise was partially precipitated by ruinous inflation. B) Hitler displayed a pathological anti-Semitism and a passionate militarism. C) Hitler believed in the genetic superiority of the Aryan people. D) Hitler argued in favor of extending German territory for the purpose of Lebensraum. E) Upon coming to power in 1933, Hitler called his new government "the Weimar Republic."

E) Upon coming to power in 1933, Hitler called his new government "the Weimar Republic."

Following the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, President Franklin Roosevelt A) declared the United States would remain neutral. B) declared the United States would be the "arsenal of democracy." C) sent American military advisers to England. D) ordered a "preparedness" campaign much like Woodrow Wilson had in 1916. E) was unsure whether a majority of Americans supported Germany.

A) declared the United States would remain neutral.

In his foreign policy for Latin America, President Herbert Hoover A) repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. B) repeatedly ordered troops into various Central American nations. C) canceled Latin American war debts owed to the United States. D) closely followed the policies of the two previous administrations. E) declared America would henceforth only recognize democratically-elected regimes.

A) repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

In 1929, a fascist-led government was in power in A) Germany. B) Spain. C) Italy. D) Japan. E) France.

C) Italy.

The Tripartite Pact was a defensive alliance among A) the United States, England, and Russia. B) the United States, England, and France. C) Japan, Germany, and Italy. D) Japan, Germany, and Austria. E) England, France, and Italy.

C) Japan, Germany, and Italy.

In the 1930s, President Franklin Roosevelt carried out international policies that A) kept the United States on the gold standard. B) preserved the circular loan system of the Dawes Plan. C) established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. D) allowed American banks to make loans to nations in default to the United States. E) further soured relations with Latin America.

C) established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.

In 1934, U.S.-Soviet relations soured in part because the United States demonstrated little interest in stopping the expansion of A) Germany. B) Italy. C) China. D) Japan. E) Great Britain.

D) Japan.

In 1941, Germany's declaration of war against the United States A) occurred after the United States declared war on Germany. B) came the same day that Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. C) did not occur until two months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. D) occurred before the United States declared war on Germany. E) was never reciprocated by Congress.

D) occurred before the United States declared war on Germany.

During the Harding administration, the United States A) eventually joined the League of Nations. B) threatened to blockade Japan if it did not stop its military aggression. C) largely retired from international diplomacy. D) proposed a dramatic reduction in the fleets of the United States, Britain, and Japan. E) forgave the international debts of the former European allies.

D) proposed a dramatic reduction in the fleets of the United States, Britain, and Japan.

In 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt's "quarantine" speech A) saw the president call for further isolation from the nation's enemies. B) warned Japan it faced a U.S. embargo if it continued to be aggressive. C) saw Roosevelt challenge England and France to limit the aggression of Germany. D) received a decidedly hostile response by the American people. E) was given in response to the Japanese sinking of the Panay.

D) received a decidedly hostile response by the American people.

The Munich agreement of 1938 A) was the result of negotiations involving the League of Nations. B) put most of Poland under German control. C) ended further German aggression until World War II began. D) was supported by President Franklin Roosevelt. E) was signed by Joseph Stalin despite misgivings about German intent.

D) was supported by President Franklin Roosevelt.

In 1941, prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, A) Japanese troops attacked the Philippines. B) the Japanese developed a new, unbreakable communication code. C) Japan tried to repair relations with the United States in order to restore their flow of supplies. D) President Franklin Roosevelt ordered Japan's diplomats to leave Washington. E) President Franklin Roosevelt froze all Japanese assets in the United States.

E) President Franklin Roosevelt froze all Japanese assets in the United States.

The secretary of state of the Harding administration was A) Charles Evans Hughes. B) Charles Dawes. C) Henry Cabot Lodge. D) Henry Stimson. E) Cordell Hull.

A) Charles Evans Hughes.

Which of the following statements regarding the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor is FALSE? A) The State Department assumed the Japanese would never attack American interests. B) The American aircraft carriers escaped the attack. C) Few American authorities believed Japan was capable of an attack on Pearl Harbor. D) The Japanese suffered light losses in the attack. E) More than 2,000 American soldiers and sailors died in the attack.

A) The State department assumed the Japanese would never attack American interests.

In 1940, the "lend-lease" plan A) allowed the U.S. to loan weapons to England, to be returned or paid for when the war was over. B) saw England agree to allow jobless Americans to enlist in the British military. C) saw England allow the construction of American military bases in British territory. D) saw the U.S. lend funds to the Allies so they could lease war supplies from the U.S. E) was extremely controversial and barely passed the Senate.

A) allowed the U.S. to loan weapons to England, to be returned or paid for when the war was over.

The Washington Conference of 1921 A) attempted to prevent a global naval arms race. B) saw the Harding administration refuse to participate in it. C) sought to expand the global markets of the United States. D) ended as a diplomatic failure for the United States. E) attempted to create a world court.

A) attempted to prevent a global naval arms race.

In July 1940, opinion polls showed the clear majority of the American public A) believed Germany posed a direct threat to the United States. B) were strongly against any involvement by the United States in the war. C) thought the United States should immediately declare war on Germany. D) believed it would be a waste to aid England, as that nation would soon fall to Germany. E) believed Japan was a greater threat to the United States than the war in Europe.

A) believed Germany posed a direct threat to the United States.

President Franklin Roosevelt's decision in 1940 to give fifty American destroyers to England A) circumvented the cash-and-carry provision of the Neutrality Acts. B) was cancelled by Congress. C) both circumvented the cash-and-carry provision of the Neutrality Acts and was in response to requests by the U.S. ambassador to London. D) was in response to requests by the U.S. ambassador to London. E) None of these answers is correct.

A) circumvented the cash-and-carry provision of the Neutrality Acts.

President Franklin Roosevelt's "Good Neighbor Policy" A) expanded initiatives begun under Herbert Hoover. B) was designed to keep the peace in western Europe. C) limited land purchases by U.S. companies in neighboring countries. D) was abandoned by the United States at the start of World War II. E) gave nations allied against fascism preferential loan rates.

A) expanded initiatives begun under Herbert Hoover.

In 1932, the Hoover administration, in response to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, A) issued warnings to the Japanese government. B) imposed economic sanctions against Japan. C) sent financial aid to Chiang Kai-shek's government in China. D) sent Americans to Manchuria to train Chinese pilots. E) called for Japanese recognition of the Open Door policy.

A) issued warnings to the Japanese government.

The America First Committee A) was a powerful lobby against U.S. involvement in the war. B) was strongly opposed by both major political parties. C) called for increased U.S. assistance to England without any actual intervention. D) was made up largely of Democrats who favored diplomacy to end the war. E) tried and failed to enlist the support of Charles Lindbergh.

A) was a powerful lobby against U.S. involvement in the war.

Germany began World War II in Europe days after A) Germany's occupation of additional areas of Czechoslovakia. B) a nonaggression pact was signed between Germany and Russia. C) France promised Poland it would provide military support if attacked. D) Germany and Austria were unified. E) Hitler's violation of the Munich agreement.

B) a nonaggression pact was signed between Germany and Russia.

The Neutrality Act of 1937 A) stripped the president of many of his powers as commander-in-chief. B) allowed warring nations to purchase nonmilitary goods in the United States if they paid cash. C) loosened the trade policy for England, while tightening it for Germany and Japan. D) banned the sale of all goods from the United States to any nation at war. E) exempted Asian nations from the provisions of the 1935 Neutrality Act.

B) allowed warring nations to purchase nonmilitary goods in the United States if they paid cash.

During the 1920s and 1930s, interest in pursuing an isolationist foreign policy A) led the United States to give up its membership in the World Court. B) seemed to grow in the U.S. as it became apparent that Italy would invade Ethiopia. C) led the U.S. Senate to assert that no single nation was a threat to world peace. D) was strongly supported by President Franklin Roosevelt. E) declined after the investigations chaired by Senator Gerald Nye of North Dakota.

B) seemed to grow in the U.S. as it became apparent that Italy would invade Ethiopia.

The Burke-Wadsworth Act of 1940 A) reaffirmed the desires of isolationists to stay out of the war. B) approved sending U.S. weapons to England. C) approved the first peacetime draft in American history. D) saw the United States end all trade with any nation allied with Nazi Germany. E) repealed the 1935 and 1937 Neutrality Acts.

C) approved the first peacetime draft in American history.

In response to the breakout of the civil war in Spain, the U.S. government joined with Britain and France in an agreement to A) support the republican side. B) support Franco's regime. C) offer no help to either side. D) use the conflict as a means of establishing military positions in Spain. E) offer help to whichever side would repudiate any diplomatic contact with Hitler's regime.

C) offer no help to either side.

The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 A) was an alliance between France and the United States against Germany. B) was to be enforced with multinational trade embargoes. C) was signed with wide international acclaim. D) stated that an attack on one nation was an attack on all nations. E) was an alliance between France and the United States against Japan.

C) was signed with wide international acclaim.

In 1941, the Atlantic Charter A) was signed in Washington, D.C. B) was completed by senior military officials in the United States and England. C) saw President Roosevelt agree to an eventual invasion of Europe to drive out the Nazis. D) saw the United States and England claim to share common principles. E) gave American merchant ships the authority to fire on German submarines.

D) saw the United States and England claim to share common principles.

In the election of 1940, Franklin Roosevelt A) won a closely contested electoral college victory for his third term. B) both selected Henry Wallace as his new running mate, and won a closely contested electoral college victory for his third term. C) None of these answers is correct. D) selected Henry Wallace as his new running mate. E) removed Harry Truman from the ticket at the request of conservatives.

D) selected Henry Wallace as his new running mate.

The Dawes Plan of 1924 A) called for the United States to lend money to Germany to meet its reparation payments. B) was designed to help England and France make their debt payments to the United States. C) called for Britain and France to reduce the amount of German reparation payments. D) called for both the United States to lend money to Germany to meet its reparation payments, and Britain and France to reduce the amount of German reparation payments. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

The German sinking of the American ship Reuben James A) essentially triggered an American naval war against Germany. B) led Congress to approve the arming of American merchant ships. C) led Congress to approve American ships sailing into belligerent ports. D) led Congress to approve both the arming of American merchant ships and the sailing of American ships into belligerent ports. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

In what became known as the 1933 "bombshell" message, Franklin Roosevelt declared that A) all foreign war debts would be forgiven. B) America would no longer recognize fascist governments. C) the Monroe Doctrine was now null and void. D) further Japanese aggression against China would be met with force. E) America would reject any international agreement on currency stabilization.

E) America would reject any international agreement on currency stabilization.

As part of his foreign policy, President Herbert Hoover moved to withdraw American troops from A) Mexico. B) Cuba. C) Venezuela. D) Colombia. E) Haiti.

E) Haiti.

The Five-Power Pact of 1922 dealt with A) restructuring Germany's war debt. B) the League of Nations. C) the civil war in Russia. D) Japanese aggression toward China. E) armament limitations.

E) armament limitations.

The Neutrality Act of 1935 A) sought to protect America's international trade agreements. B) prevented Americans from traveling on ships of warring nations. C) did not prevent the United States from intervening when Italy invaded Ethiopia. D) was passed by Congress with recent acts of Nazi aggression in mind. E) included a mandatory arms embargo of both sides during any military conflict.

E) included a mandatory arms embargo of both sides during any military conflict.